使用下面的程序,我尝试测试使用std :: ofstream可以写入磁盘的速度.
当写入1 GiB文件时,我实现了大约300 MiB / s.
但是,使用cp命令的简单文件复制速度至少是两倍.
我的程序是否达到硬件限制,还是可以加快速度?
- #include <chrono>
- #include <iostream>
- #include <fstream>
- char payload[1000 * 1000]; // 1 MB
- void test(int MB)
- {
- // Configure buffer
- char buffer[32 * 1000];
- std::ofstream of("test.file");
- of.rdbuf()->pubsetbuf(buffer,sizeof(buffer));
- auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
- // Write a total of 1 GB
- for (auto i = 0; i != MB; ++i)
- {
- of.write(payload,sizeof(payload));
- }
- double elapsed_ns = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time).count();
- double megabytes_per_ns = 1e3 / elapsed_ns;
- double megabytes_per_s = 1e9 * megabytes_per_ns;
- std::cout << "Payload=" << MB << "MB Speed=" << megabytes_per_s << "MB/s" << std::endl;
- }
- int main()
- {
- for (auto i = 1; i <= 10; ++i)
- {
- test(i * 100);
- }
- }
输出:
- Payload=100MB Speed=3792.06MB/s
- Payload=200MB Speed=1790.41MB/s
- Payload=300MB Speed=1204.66MB/s
- Payload=400MB Speed=910.37MB/s
- Payload=500MB Speed=722.704MB/s
- Payload=600MB Speed=579.914MB/s
- Payload=700MB Speed=499.281MB/s
- Payload=800MB Speed=462.131MB/s
- Payload=900MB Speed=411.414MB/s
- Payload=1000MB Speed=364.613MB/s
更新
我从std :: ofstream更改为fwrite:
- #include <chrono>
- #include <cstdio>
- #include <iostream>
- char payload[1024 * 1024]; // 1 MiB
- void test(int number_of_megabytes)
- {
- FILE* file = fopen("test.file","w");
- auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
- // Write a total of 1 GB
- for (auto i = 0; i != number_of_megabytes; ++i)
- {
- fwrite(payload,1,sizeof(payload),file );
- }
- fclose(file); // TODO: RAII
- double elapsed_ns = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start_time).count();
- double megabytes_per_ns = 1e3 / elapsed_ns;
- double megabytes_per_s = 1e9 * megabytes_per_ns;
- std::cout << "Size=" << number_of_megabytes << "MiB Duration=" << long(0.5 + 100 * elapsed_ns/1e9)/100.0 << "s Speed=" << megabytes_per_s << "MiB/s" << std::endl;
- }
- int main()
- {
- test(256);
- test(512);
- test(1024);
- test(1024);
- }
其中将1Gb文件的速度提高到668MiB / s:
- Size=256MiB Duration=0.4s Speed=2524.66MiB/s
- Size=512MiB Duration=0.79s Speed=1262.41MiB/s
- Size=1024MiB Duration=1.5s Speed=664.521MiB/s
- Size=1024MiB Duration=1.5s Speed=668.85MiB/s
哪个跟dd一样快:
- time dd if=/dev/zero of=test.file bs=1024 count=0 seek=1048576
- real 0m1.539s
- user 0m0.001s
- sys 0m0.344s
首先,您不是真正测量磁盘写入速度,而是(部分)将数据写入操作系统磁盘缓存的速度.要真正测量磁盘写入速度,在计算时间之前,应将数据刷新到磁盘.没有刷新可能会有所不同取决于文件大小和可用的内存.
计算中似乎也有错误.你没有使用MB的值.
还要确保缓冲区大小是2的幂,或至少是磁盘页大小(4096字节)的倍数:char buffer [32 * 1024] ;.你也可以这样做为有效载荷. (看起来您在添加计算的编辑中将其从1024更改为1000).
不要使用流将数据写入(二进制)缓冲区到磁盘,而是使用FILE *,fopen(),fwrite(),fclose()直接写入文件.参见this answer的一个例子和一些时间.
要复制文件:以只读方式打开源文件,如果可能的话,只进行转发模式,并使用fread(),fwrite():
- while fread() from source to buffer
- fwrite() buffer to destination file
这应该给你一个与操作系统文件副本的速度相当的速度(你可能想要测试一些不同的缓冲区大小).
使用内存映射可能会稍微加快一点:
- open src,create memory mapping over the file
- open/create dest,set file size to size of src,create memory mapping over the file
- memcpy() src to dest
对于大文件,应使用较小的映射视图.