NEXT_WAIT_TIME=0
COMMAND_STATUS=1
until [ $COMMAND_STATUS -eq 0 || $NEXT_WAIT_TIME -eq 4 ]; do
  command
  COMMAND_STATUS=$?
  sleep $NEXT_WAIT_TIME
  let NEXT_WAIT_TIME=NEXT_WAIT_TIME+1
done

NEXT_WAIT_TIME=0
until command || [ $NEXT_WAIT_TIME -eq 4 ]; do
   sleep $(( NEXT_WAIT_TIME++ ))
done