使用TableLayoutPanel的CellPaint事件来测试哪个行/列已经调用了事件,然后使用Graphic对象的大小来设置矩形的颜色.

像这样(对于第一行和第三行)：

private void Form_Load(object sender,EventArgs e) {
        this.tableLayoutPanel1.CellPaint += new TableLayoutCellPaintEventHandler(tableLayoutPanel1_CellPaint);
     }
 
 
    void tableLayoutPanel1_CellPaint(object sender,TableLayoutCellPaintEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.Row == 0 || e.Row == 2) {
            Graphics g = e.Graphics;
            Rectangle r = e.CellBounds;
            g.FillRectangle(Brushes.Blue,r);
        }
    }