我有一些使用单个全局变量的简单的C代码.显然这不是线程安全的,所以当我使用P / invoke从C#中的多个线程中调用它时,事情就会变得困难.
如何为每个线程单独导入此函数,或使线程安全?
我尝试声明变量__declspec(线程),但这导致程序崩溃.我也尝试制作一个C/C++LI类,但它不允许成员函数为__declspec(裸),我需要(我正在使用inline-assembly).我编写多线程C代码并不是很有经验,所以可能有一些我错过的东西.
以下是一些示例代码:
C#
- [DllImport("MyDll.dll",CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
- public static extern int SomeFunction(int parameter1,int parameter2);
C
- extern "C"
- {
- int someGlobalVariable;
- int __declspec(naked) _someFunction(int parameter1,int parameter2)
- {
- __asm
- {
- //someGlobalVariable read/written here
- }
- }
- int __declspec(dllexport) SomeFunction(int parameter1,int parameter2)
- {
- return _someFunction(parameter1,parameter2);
- }
- }
[编辑]:SomeFunction()的结果必须按照一些规定的顺序,基于someGlobalVariable(例如,一个PRNG,一些GlobalVariable作为内部状态).所以,使用互斥体或其他类型的锁不是一个选项 – 每个线程必须有自己的someGlobalVariable的副本.
解决方法
一个常见的模式是拥有
>为状态分配内存的函数,
>一个没有副作用而是使传入状态变异的函数,
>一个释放状态的备忘录的功能.
C#端看起来像这样:
用法:
- var state = new ThreadLocal<SomeSafeHandle>(NativeMethods.CreateSomeState);
- Parallel.For(0,100,i =>
- {
- var result = NativeMethods.SomeFunction(state.Value,i,42);
- Console.WriteLine(result);
- });
声明:
- internal static class NativeMethods
- {
- [DllImport("MyDll.dll",CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
- public static extern SomeSafeHandle CreateSomeState();
- [DllImport("MyDll.dll",CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
- public static extern int SomeFunction(SomeSafeHandle handle,int parameter1,int parameter2);
- [DllImport("MyDll.dll",CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
- internal static extern int FreeSomeState(IntPtr handle);
- }
SafeHandle魔术:
- [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.InheritanceDemand,UnmanagedCode = true)]
- [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand,UnmanagedCode = true)]
- internal class SomeSafeHandle : SafeHandle
- {
- [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState,Cer.MayFail)]
- public SomeSafeHandle()
- : base(IntPtr.Zero,true)
- {
- }
- public override bool IsInvalid
- {
- get { return this.handle == IntPtr.Zero; }
- }
- [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState,Cer.MayFail)]
- protected override bool ReleaseHandle()
- {
- return NativeMethods.FreeSomeState(this.handle) == 0;
- }
- }