CentOS修改系统环境变量
我这里拿PHP作为一个例子,我的PHP安装在/usr/local/webserver/PHP下,没有把PHP加入环境变量时,你在命令行执行
会提示你此命令不存在。
方法一: 在/etc/profile文件中添加变量【对所有用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量,该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效,并且是“永久的”。
- [root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile
- # /etc/profile
- # System wide environment and startup programs,for login setup
- # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
- # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
- # are doing. Its much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
- # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment,as this
- # will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
- pathmunge () {
- case ":${PATH}:" in
- *:$1":*)
- ;;
- *)
- if [ $2" = after" ] ; then
- PATH=$PATH:$1
- else
- PATH=$1:$PATH
- fi
- esac
- }
- if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
- if [ -z $EUID" ]; then
- # ksh workaround
- EUID=`id -u`
- UID=`id -ru`
- fi
- USER=`id -un`"
- LOGNAME=$USER
- MAIL=/var/spool/mail/$USER"
- fi
- # Path manipulation
- 0" ]; then
- pathmunge /sbin
- pathmunge /usr/sbin
- pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
- else
- pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
- pathmunge /usr/sbin after
- pathmunge /sbin after
- fi
- HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
- HISTSIZE=1000
- $HISTCONTROLignorespace" ] ; then
- export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
- else
- export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
- fi
- export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
- # By default,we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
- # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
- # You could check uidgid reservation validity in
- # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
- if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ `id -gn`" ]; then
- umask 002
- else
- umask 022
- fi
- for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
- if [ -r "$i" ]; then
- if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
- . "$i"
- else
- . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
- fi
- fi
- done
- unset i
- unset pathmunge
- PATH=/usr/local/webserver/PHP/bin:$PATH export PATH
- [root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile
这时再查看系统环境变量,就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了
- [root@CentOS ~]# echo $PATH
- /usr/local/webserver/PHP/bin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
现在就能直接使用PHP命令了(而不是像之前写很长一串/usr/local/webserver/PHP/bin/PHP -v),例如查看当前PHP的版本
方法二:在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效(永久的)】
用VI在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量,改变量仅会对当前用户有效,并且是“永久的”。具体操作和方法1一样,这里就不在列举代码了。
方法三:直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell(BASH)有效(临时的)】
在shell的命令行下直接使用[export变量名=变量值]定义变量,该变量只在当前的shell(BASH)或其子shell(BASH)下是有效的,shell关闭了,变量也就失效了,再打开新shell时就没有这个变量,需要使用的话还需要重新定义。例如
- export PATH=/usr/local/webserver/PHP/bin:$PATH