CentOS 6.8操作系统安装PostGIS笔记

首先顺便利一下SSH工具的选择。因为我不能操作安装CentOS系统的机器，只能远程操作。所以在工作进行之前必须选择一款好的SSH工具。以前操作Oracle Red Hat Enterprise Linux系统的时候用SSHSecureShellClient工具挺顺手的。这次远程登录到CentOS操作系统后中文全部乱码。于是选择了PuTTY工具。

首先在Windows系统上启动PuTTY，远程登录到CentOS系统，如下所示：

@H_404_59@login as: root

@H_404_59@root@192.168.8.155's password:

@H_404_59@Active connection state: activated

@H_404_59@Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2

@H_404_59@[root@db ~]# ls

@H_404_59@anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog

安装Postgresql

安装大型软件经常要拷贝文件，需要创建一个固定的文件夹用来存放专用文件。

@H_404_59@[root@db /]# mkdir /home/postgis

@H_404_59@[root@db /]# ls -l /home/postgis

@H_404_59@total 0

@H_404_59@[root@db /]#

CentOS软件列表默认没有Postgressql，所有要先从Postgresql下载rpm包。这个包主要用来在软件源中加入Postgresql，以便使用yum install命令安装。下载链接如下：

@H_404_59@http://yum.postgresql.org/9.4/redhat/rhel­6­x86_64/pgdg­redhat94­9.4­1.noarch.rpm

我放到了F盘的根目录。接下来要用SSH管道传递到远程服务器。与PuTTY配套的工具还有很多，这里使用配套的PSCP工具。我把pscp.exe复制到了Windows目录，这样不用设置环境不用切换目录，打开Windows控制台窗口，输入命令，如下所示：

@H_404_59@C:\Users\xuesongshu>pscp f:\pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm root@192.168.8.155:/home/postgis

@H_404_59@root@192.168.8.155's password:

@H_404_59@pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarc | 5 kB | 5.2 kB/s | ETA: 00:00:00 | 100%

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@C:\Users\xuesongshu>

然后安装：

@H_404_59@[root@db /]# cd /home/postgis

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]# yum install pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm login as: root

@H_404_59@Loaded plugins: fastestmirror,refresh-packagekit,security

@H_404_59@Setting up Install Process

@H_404_59@Examining pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm: pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch

@H_404_59@Marking pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch.rpm to be installed

@H_404_59@Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

如下图所示，输入Y：

至此提示则成功

@H_404_59@Downloading Packages:

@H_404_59@Running rpm_check_debug

@H_404_59@Running Transaction Test

@H_404_59@Transaction Test Succeeded

@H_404_59@Running Transaction

@H_404_59@ Installing : pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch 1/1

@H_404_59@ Verifying : pgdg-redhat94-9.4-1.noarch 1/1

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@Installed:

@H_404_59@ pgdg-redhat94.noarch 0:9.4-1

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@Complete!

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]#

输入命令安装Postgresql，如下所示：

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]# yum install postgresql94-server postgresql94-contrib

在随后的提示中都输入Y即可，静待下载和安装，等待时间由网速决定。出现以下提示则表示安装成功。

@H_404_59@Installed:

@H_404_59@ postgresql94-contrib.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6

@H_404_59@ postgresql94-server.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@Dependency Installed:

@H_404_59@ postgresql94.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6

@H_404_59@ postgresql94-libs.x86_64 0:9.4.8-1PGDG.rhel6

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@Complete!

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]#

配置Postgresql

Postgresql以默认方式安装完成之后不能马上投入使用，必须进行配置。首先初始化并启动服务，如下所示：

@H_404_59@[root@db /]# service postgresql-9.4 initdb

@H_404_59@Initializing database: [ OK ]

@H_404_59@[root@db /]# chkconfig postgresql-9.4 on

@H_404_59@[root@db /]#

编辑pg_hba.conf，如下所示：

@H_404_59@[root@db /]# cd /var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data

@H_404_59@[root@db data]# ls

@H_404_59@base pg_ident.conf pg_replslot pg_subtrans postgresql.auto.conf

@H_404_59@global pg_log pg_serial pg_tblspc postgresql.conf

@H_404_59@pg_clog pg_logical pg_snapshots pg_twophase

@H_404_59@pg_dynshmem pg_multixact pg_stat PG_VERSION

@H_404_59@pg_hba.conf pg_notify pg_stat_tmp pg_xlog

@H_404_59@[root@db data]# vi pg_hba.conf

按向下键快速向后找到以下文字：

@H_404_59@# Put your actual configuration here

@H_404_59@# ----------------------------------

@H_404_59@#

@H_404_59@# If you want to allow non-local connections,you need to add more

@H_404_59@# "host" records. In that case you will also need to make Postgresql

@H_404_59@# listen on a non-local interface via the listen_addresses

@H_404_59@# configuration parameter,or via the -i or -h command line switches.

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD

紧接在这里的是Postgresql的服务配置：

@H_404_59@# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only

@H_404_59@local all all peer

@H_404_59@# IPv4 local connections:

@H_404_59@host all all 127.0.0.1/32 ident

@H_404_59@# IPv6 local connections:

@H_404_59@host all all ::1/128 ident

@H_404_59@# Allow replication connections from localhost,by a user with the

@H_404_59@# replication privilege.

@H_404_59@#local replication postgres peer

@H_404_59@#host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 ident

@H_404_59@#host replication postgres ::1/128 ident

按shift+I键进入编辑状态，改成如下所示：

然后按Esc键，输入:wq!命令保存文件，如下图所示。

编辑postgresql.conf文件，如下所示：

@H_404_59@[root@db data]# vi postgresql.conf

按向下键快速向后查看找到以下文字：

@H_404_59@#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file

@H_404_59@ # (change requires restart)

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set,no extra PID file is written.

@H_404_59@#external_pid_file = '' # write an extra PID file

@H_404_59@ # (change requires restart)

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@H_404_59@# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION

@H_404_59@#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@# - Connection Settings -

紧接下来的是服务配置文字如下：

@H_404_59@# - Connection Settings -

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;

@H_404_59@ # comma-separated list of addresses;

@H_404_59@ # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all

@H_404_59@ # (change requires restart)

@H_404_59@#port = 5432 # (change requires restart)

@H_404_59@max_connections = 100 # (change requires restart)

按shift+I键进入编辑状态，改成如下所示：

按Esc键后输入:wq!保存文件。

编辑环境变量，如下所示：

@H_404_59@[root@db data]# cd /etc/

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# vi profile

按向下键快速向后移到光标，找到以下文字：

@H_404_59@HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`

@H_404_59@HISTSIZE=1000

@H_404_59@if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then

@H_404_59@ export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

@H_404_59@else

@H_404_59@ export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

@H_404_59@fi

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

改成：

@H_404_59@HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`

@H_404_59@HISTSIZE=1000

@H_404_59@if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then

@H_404_59@ export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

@H_404_59@else

@H_404_59@ export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups

@H_404_59@fi

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@export PGHOME=/usr/pgsql-9.4

@H_404_59@export PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data

@H_404_59@export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

按Esc键，输入:wq!，然后回车保存文件。

使环境变量立即生效，如下所示：

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# source /etc/profile

@H_404_59@Active connection state: activated

@H_404_59@Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]#

如果防火墙已经打开，那么输入以下命令关闭防火墙：

@H_404_59@systemctl stop firewalld.service

@H_404_59@systemctl disable firewalld.service

如果企业用户没有网关防火墙则不建议直接关闭防火墙，而是增加端口规则。

Postgresql服务不允许以root身份启动，所以要切换到postgres用户。首先可看postgres用户是否存在。

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# cat /etc/passwd | grep -i postgres

@H_404_59@postgres:x:26:26:Postgresql Server:/var/lib/pgsql:/bin/bash

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]#

如果输出为空则表示用户不存在，需要新建用户。如果已经存在，则需要修改用户密码。用户密码需要分两步修改。首先修改系统的postgres用户的密码：

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# passwd postgres

@H_404_59@Changing password for user postgres.

@H_404_59@New password:

@H_404_59@Retype new password:

@H_404_59@passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]#

切换到postgres用户：

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# su postgres

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$

尝试重启或启动Postgresql服务

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$ pg_ctl restart

@H_404_59@pg_ctl: PID file "/var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data/postmaster.pid" does not exist

@H_404_59@Is server running?

@H_404_59@starting server anyway

@H_404_59@pg_ctl: could not read file "/var/lib/pgsql/9.4/data/postmaster.opts"

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$ pg_ctl start

@H_404_59@server starting

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$ < 2016-06-28 23:46:04.688 CST >LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process

@H_404_59@< 2016-06-28 23:46:04.688 CST >HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$

注意服务启动成功时命令行没有返回用户的bash，按一下回车即可。

进入psql命令行：

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$ psql

@H_404_59@psql (9.4.8)

@H_404_59@Type "help" for help.

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@postgres=#

修改数据库的postgres用户的密码：

@H_404_59@alter user postgres with password '最好与系统的用户密码相同';

命令中的红色文字请自行更改为您自己的密码，然后执行命令，如下所示：

@H_404_59@postgres=# alter user postgres with password '不告诉你^_^^_^';

@H_404_59@ALTER ROLE

@H_404_59@postgres=#

退出测试一下：

@H_404_59@postgres=# \q

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$ psql -h 192.168.8.155 -p 5432 -d postgres -U postgres -W

@H_404_59@Password for user postgres:

@H_404_59@psql (9.4.8)

@H_404_59@Type "help" for help.

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@postgres=#

至此可以用pgAdmin工具远程登录数据库系统了。

安装PostGIS

首选检查PostGIS是否存在源列表中：

@H_404_59@postgres=# \q

@H_404_59@bash-4.1$ exit

@H_404_59@exit

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# yum list | grep -i postgis

@H_404_59@postgis.x86_64 1.3.6-1.el6.rf rpmforge

@H_404_59@postgis-utils.x86_64 1.3.6-1.el6.rf rpmforge

@H_404_59@postgis2_94.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94

@H_404_59@postgis2_94-client.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94

@H_404_59@postgis2_94-debuginfo.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94

@H_404_59@postgis2_94-devel.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94

@H_404_59@postgis2_94-docs.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94

@H_404_59@postgis2_94-utils.x86_64 2.1.8-1.rhel6 pgdg94

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]#

尝试安装：

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# yum install postgis2_94

如果出现这些提示，则表示缺少依赖项：

@H_404_59@Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)

@H_404_59@ Requires: libnetcdf.so.6()(64bit)

@H_404_59@Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)

@H_404_59@ Requires: libdap.so.11()(64bit)

@H_404_59@Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)

@H_404_59@ Requires: libspatialite.so.2()(64bit)

@H_404_59@Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)

@H_404_59@ Requires: libfreexl.so.1()(64bit)

@H_404_59@Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)

@H_404_59@ Requires: libdapserver.so.7()(64bit)

@H_404_59@Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)

@H_404_59@ Requires: libCharLS.so.1()(64bit)

@H_404_59@Error: Package: gdal-libs-1.9.2-7.rhel6.x86_64 (pgdg94)

@H_404_59@ Requires: libarmadillo.so.4()(64bit)

@H_404_59@You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem

@H_404_59@You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

从网上下载epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm，放到F盘根目录。下载地址是：

@H_404_59@http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel­release­6­8

用pscp工具上传到远程服务器，如下所示：

@H_404_59@C:\Users\xuesongshu>pscp f:\epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm root@192.168.8.155:/home/postgis

@H_404_59@root@192.168.8.155's password:

@H_404_59@epel-release-6-8.noarch.r | 14 kB | 14.2 kB/s | ETA: 00:00:00 | 100%

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@C:\Users\xuesongshu>

安装epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm，如下所示：

@H_404_59@[root@db etc]# cd /home/postgis

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]# rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

@H_404_59@warning: epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature,key ID 0608b895: NOKEY

@H_404_59@Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

@H_404_59@ 1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]#

再次运行：

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]# yum install postgis2_94

静静等待下载安装即可，等待时间取决于网速。在所有的询问中一律输入Y，最后安装成功时如下所示：

@H_404_59@Complete!

@H_404_59@[root@db postgis]#

测试建立空间数据库：

@H_404_59@-bash-4.1$ psql -c "CREATE DATABASE test01;"

@H_404_59@CREATE DATABASE

@H_404_59@-bash-4.1$ psql -d test01 -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis;"

@H_404_59@CREATE EXTENSION

@H_404_59@-bash-4.1$ psql -d test01

@H_404_59@psql (9.4.8)

@H_404_59@输入 "help" 来获取帮助信息.

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@test01=# select postgis_full_version();

@H_404_59@注意: Function postgis_topology_scripts_installed() not found. Is topology support enabled and topology.sql installed?

@H_404_59@ postgis_

@H_404_59@full_version

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@H_404_59@--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@H_404_59@-----

@H_404_59@POSTGIS="2.1.8 r13780" GEOS="3.4.2-CAPI-1.8.2 r3921" PROJ="Rel. 4.8.0,6 March

@H_404_59@2012" GDAL="GDAL 1.9.2,released 2012/10/08" LIBXML="2.7.6" LIBJSON="UNKNOWN" RA

@H_404_59@STER

@H_404_59@(1 行记录)

@H_404_59@

@H_404_59@test01=#