嗨,我想知道我的问题是否有一个简单的解决方案,
我有一个ArrayList:
- ArrayList <Animal> animalList = new ArrayList<Animal>();
- /* I add some objects from subclasses of Animal */
- animalList.add(new Reptile());
- animalList.add(new Bird());
- animalList.add(new Amphibian());
它们都实现了一个方法move() – 当调用move()时,Bird会飞.
我知道我可以通过使用它来访问超类的常用方法和属性
- public void Feed(Integer animalIndex) {
- Animal aAnimal = (Animal) this.animalList.get(animalIndex);
- aAnimal.eat();
- }
那没关系 – 但现在我想访问子类Bird所具有的move()方法.
我可以通过将动物像鸟一样投射来做到这一点:
- Bird aBird = (Bird) this.animalList.get(animalIndex);
- aBird.move();
在我的情况下,我不想这样做,因为这意味着我有3个不同的上述代码集,每个子类型为Animal.
这似乎有点多余,有更好的方法吗?
解决方法
从超类中确实没有很好的方法可以做到这一点,因为每个子类的行为都会有所不同.
要确保您实际调用适当的移动方法,请将Animal从超类更改为接口.然后,当您调用move方法时,您将能够确保为所需对象调用适当的移动方法.
如果你想保留公共字段,那么你可以定义一个抽象类AnimalBase,并要求所有动物构建它,但每个实现都需要实现Animal接口.
例:
- public abstract class AnimalBase {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private boolean gender;
- // getters and setters for the above are good to have here
- }
- public interface Animal {
- public void move();
- public void eat();
- public void sleep();
- }
- // The below won't compile because the contract for the interface changed.
- // You'll have to implement eat and sleep for each object.
- public class Reptiles extends AnimalBase implements Animal {
- public void move() {
- System.out.println("Slither!");
- }
- }
- public class Birds extends AnimalBase implements Animal {
- public void move() {
- System.out.println("Flap flap!");
- }
- }
- public class Amphibians extends AnimalBase implements Animal {
- public void move() {
- System.out.println("Some sort of moving sound...");
- }
- }
- // in some method,you'll be calling the below
- List<Animal> animalList = new ArrayList<>();
- animalList.add(new Reptiles());
- animalList.add(new Amphibians());
- animalList.add(new Birds());
- // call your method without fear of it being generic
- for(Animal a : animalList) {
- a.move();
- }