1，查看原有的db_unique_name信息

sql> show parameter name;
 
NAME                     TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert             string
db_name                  string  orcl
db_unique_name               string  orcl
global_names                 boolean     FALSE
instance_name                string  orcl
lock_name_space              string
log_file_name_convert            string
service_names                string  orcl
sql>

2，创建临时pfile，修改db_unique_name

sql> create pfile='/oracle/p1.ora' from spfile;
 
File created.
 
sql> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
sql>

修改临时pfile文件（/oracle/p1.ora）里面的db_unique_name值为orcl_m1，以临时pfile启动

vim /oracle/p1.ora
*.db_unique_name=orcl_m1

3，更新spfile、pile文件

根据修改的临时参数文件，更新默认的启动参数文件，

sql> create spfile from pfile='/oracle/p1.ora';
 
File created.
 
sql>

根据新的spfile，然后更新默认的pfile

sql> create pfile from spfile;
 
File created.
 
sql>

4，启动数据库，查看db_unique_name已经变成新的名称

sql> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 2.6991E+10 bytes
Fixed Size          2213976 bytes
Variable Size        1.9596E+10 bytes
Database Buffers     7247757312 bytes
Redo Buffers          145174528 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
sql> 
sql> show parameter name;
 
NAME                     TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert             string  /home/oradata/orcl,/home/
                         oradata/orcl
db_name                  string  orcl
db_unique_name               string  orcl_m1
global_names                 boolean     FALSE
instance_name                string  orcl
lock_name_space              string
log_file_name_convert            string  /home/oradata/orcl,/home/
                         oradata/orcl
service_names                string  orcl
sql>

5，最后有一种直接在线上online改然后重启生效

sql> alter system set db_unique_name='orcl_m1' scope=spfile;
 
System altered.
 
sql> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
sql> 
sql> startup ;
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 2.6991E+10 bytes
Fixed Size          2213976 bytes
Variable Size        1.9596E+10 bytes
Database Buffers     7247757312 bytes
Redo Buffers          145174528 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
sql> 
sql>  show parameter db_unique_name;
 
NAME                     TYPE    VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name               string  orcl_m1
sql>