pgpool就是一个架在数据库与应用系统之间的中间层，用于实现cluster或分布式数据库，实现数据库的大规模集成应用，类以于oracle的Tuxedo；不过这个是开源的，功能上也有一些限制，具体应用去它的官网上去看，下面主要分析它的实现原理

对于replication，它和MysqL一样是通过传递sql实现的，对于分布式存储，它是把sql经过parse,rewrite之后，生成经过优化后的sql分别在结点上执行，再把结果汇总。

对postgresql的通讯是通过libpq和socket实现的，对于自身多结点的通讯是通过socket实现的，对于一台机器的多个进程间是通过pipe和unix domain socket通信的

pgpool也和postgresql一样是多进程的，主要分为main进程，child进程,pcp进程，main进程主要是health check和消息中转，child进程负责与postgresql通讯，pcp进程负责与其它的pgpool进程通讯和用户名密码的检查，pcp之间的通讯全是用一个字母代表语义，这个通讯协议还需要看看是不是采用的是postgresql中的通讯协议，在pcp目录下面，还保存了一些用户管理pgpool的工具

pgpool的数据库结点分为两类，第一是node db就是普通的数据库结点，第二是system db这个在分布式存储中主要存储分布的规则，在query cache中用来保存cache，这在一个pgpool的缓冲池中只有一个

在结构体中，第一个最重要的是

typedef struct {@H_403_13@char *listen_addresses; /* hostnames/IP addresses to listen on */@H_403_13@ int port; /* port # to bind */@H_403_13@int pcp_port; /* PCP port # to bind */@H_403_13@char *socket_dir; /* pgpool socket directory */@H_403_13@char *pcp_socket_dir; /* PCP socket directory */@H_403_13@int pcp_timeout; /* PCP timeout for an idle client */@H_403_13@ int num_init_children; /* # of children initially pre-forked */@H_403_13@ int child_life_time; /* if idle for this seconds,child exits */@H_403_13@ int connection_life_time; /* if idle for this seconds,connection closes */@H_403_13@ int child_max_connections; /* if max_connections received,child exits */@H_403_13@int client_idle_limit; /* If client_idle_limit is n (n > 0),the client is forced to be@H_403_13@ disconnected after n seconds idle */@H_403_13@int authentication_timeout; /* maximum time in seconds to complete client authentication */@H_403_13@ int max_pool; /* max # of connection pool per child */@H_403_13@ char *logdir; /* logging directory */@H_403_13@ char *pid_file_name; /* pid file name */@H_403_13@ char *backend_socket_dir; /* Unix domain socket directory for the Postgresql server */@H_403_13@int replication_mode; /* replication mode */

int log_connections; /* 0:false,1:true - logs incoming connections */@H_403_13@int log_hostname; /* 0:false,1:true - resolve hostname */@H_403_13@int enable_pool_hba; /* 0:false,1:true - enables pool_hba.conf file authentication */

int load_balance_mode; /* load balance mode */

int replication_stop_on_mismatch; /* if there's a data mismatch between master and secondary@H_403_13@ * start degenration to stop replication mode@H_403_13@ */@H_403_13@int replicate_select; /* if non 0,replicate SELECT statement when load balancing is disabled. */@H_403_13@char **reset_query_list; /* comma separated list of quries to be issued at the end of session */

int print_timestamp; /* if non 0,print time stamp to each log line */@H_403_13@int master_slave_mode; /* if non 0,operate in master/slave mode */@H_403_13@int connection_cache; /* if non 0,cache connection pool */@H_403_13@int health_check_timeout; /* health check timeout */@H_403_13@int health_check_period; /* health check period */@H_403_13@char *health_check_user; /* Postgresql user name for health check */@H_403_13@char *failover_command; /* execute command when failover happens */@H_403_13@char *failback_command; /* execute command when failback happens */

/*@H_403_13@* If true,trigger fail over when writing to the backend@H_403_13@* communication socket fails. This is the same behavior of@H_403_13@* pgpool-II 2.2.x or earlier. If set to false,pgpool will report@H_403_13@* an error and disconnect the session.@H_403_13@*/@H_403_13@int fail_over_on_backend_error;

char *recovery_user; /* Postgresql user name for online recovery */@H_403_13@char *recovery_password; /* Postgresql user password for online recovery */@H_403_13@char *recovery_1st_stage_command; /* Online recovery command in 1st stage */@H_403_13@char *recovery_2nd_stage_command; /* Online recovery command in 2nd stage */@H_403_13@int recovery_timeout; /* maximum time in seconds to wait for remote start-up */@H_403_13@int client_idle_limit_in_recovery; /* If > 0,the client is forced to be@H_403_13@ * disconnected after n seconds idle@H_403_13@ * This parameter is only valid while in recovery 2nd statge */@H_403_13@int insert_lock; /* if non 0,automatically lock table with INSERT to keep SERIAL@H_403_13@ data consistency */@H_403_13@int ignore_leading_white_space; /* ignore leading white spaces of each query */@H_403_13@ int log_statement; /* 0:false,1: true - logs all sql statements */@H_403_13@ int log_per_node_statement; /* 0:false,1: true - logs per node detailed sql statements */

int parallel_mode; /* if non 0,run in parallel query mode */

int enable_query_cache; /* if non 0,use query cache. 0 by default */

char *pgpool2_hostname; /* pgpool2 hostname */@H_403_13@char *system_db_hostname; /* system DB hostname */@H_403_13@int system_db_port; /* system DB port number */@H_403_13@char *system_db_dbname; /* system DB name */@H_403_13@char *system_db_schema; /* system DB schema name */@H_403_13@char *system_db_user; /* user name to access system DB */@H_403_13@char *system_db_password; /* password to access system DB */

char *lobj_lock_table; /* table name to lock for rewriting lo_creat */

BackendDesc *backend_desc; /* Postgresql Server description. Placed on shared memory */

LOAD_BALANCE_STATUS load_balance_status[MAX_NUM_BACKENDS]; /* to remember which DB node is selected for load balancing */

/* followings do not exist in the configuration file */@H_403_13@ int current_slot; /* current backend slot # */@H_403_13@int replication_enabled; /* replication mode enabled */@H_403_13@int master_slave_enabled; /* master/slave mode enabled */@H_403_13@int num_reset_queries; /* number of queries in reset_query_list */

/* ssl configuration */@H_403_13@int ssl; /* if non 0,activate ssl support (frontend+backend) */@H_403_13@char *ssl_cert; /* path to ssl certificate (frontend only) */@H_403_13@char *ssl_key; /* path to ssl key (frontend only) */@H_403_13@char *ssl_ca_cert; /* path to root (CA) certificate */@H_403_13@char *ssl_ca_cert_dir; /* path to directory containing CA certificates */@H_403_13@} POOL_CONFIG;

POOL_CONFIG里面保存了pgpool的配置信息，是从配置文件中读入的，这里面最重要的是BackendDesc *backend_desc，它里面保存了pgpool和数据库的连接信息，是放在共享内存中，供所有pgpool的child进程共享的。其余的字段看注释就可以了

每一个BackendInfo对应一个数据库连接，其实就是postgresql的一个进程

/*@H_403_13@* Postgresql backend descriptor. Placed on shared memory area.@H_403_13@*/@H_403_13@typedef struct {@H_403_13@char backend_hostname[MAX_DB_HOST_NAMELEN]; /* backend host name */@H_403_13@int backend_port; /* backend port numbers */@H_403_13@BACKEND_STATUS backend_status; /* backend status */@H_403_13@double backend_weight; /* normalized backend load balance ratio */@H_403_13@double unnormalized_weight; /* descripted parameter */@H_403_13@char backend_data_directory[MAX_PATH_LENGTH];@H_403_13@} BackendInfo;

typedef struct {int num_backends; /* number of used Postgresql backends */BackendInfo backend_info[MAX_NUM_BACKENDS];} BackendDesc;