使用spring-test-mvc在Spring控制器测试中没有注入服务

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我正在尝试为使用Spring MVC 3.1.1创建的Restful API服务器构建一组单元/集成测试.

我正在尝试使用Spring-test-mvc.

我是Spring的新手,因此是spring-test-mvc.

我将包含我的代码的相关部分,让您了解我的结构：

PurchaseController：

  1. @Controller
  2. public class PurchaseController
  3. {    
  4.     @Autowired
  5.     private IPurchaseService purchaseService;
  7.     @RequestMapping(value = "purchases",method = RequestMethod.GET)
  8.     @ResponseBody
  9.     public final List

PurchaseService：

  1. @Service
  2. public class PurchaseService implements IPurchaseService
  3. {
  4.     @Autowired
  5.     private IPurchaseDAO purchaseDAO;
  7.     public PurchaseService()
  8.     {
  10.     }
  12.     @Transactional
  13.     public List

PurchaseDAO：

  1. @Repository
  2. public class PurchaseDAO extends AbstractJpaDAO

AbstractJpaDAO：

  1. public abstract class AbstractJpaDAO

这是我的控制器测试：

  1. public class PurchaseControllerTest extends AbstractControllerTest
  2. {
  3.     @Autowired
  4.     private IPurchaseService purchaseService;
  6.     @Autowired
  7.     private PurchaseController purchaseController;
  9.     private MockMvc mockMvc;
  11.     @Before
  12.     public void setup()
  13.     {
  14.         // Test Purchase
  15.         Purchase purchase = new Purchase();
  16.         purchase.setPan(5412311111111121l);
  17.         purchase.setCvc((short) 122);
  18.         purchase.setExpiry("1215");
  19.         purchase.setMerchantName("TestMerchant");
  20.         purchase.setMerchantType("Airline");
  21.         purchase.setTransactionAmount(new BigDecimal("300.99"));
  23.         mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(purchaseController).build();
  24.         purchaseService.addPurchase(purchase);
  25.     }
  27.     @Test
  28.     public void testGetAll() throws Exception
  29.     {
  30.         this.mockMvc
  31.                 .perform(get("/purchase").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
  32.                 .andExpect(status().isOk())
  33.                 .andExpect(content().type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
  34.     }
  35. }

AbstractControllerTest：

  1. @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  2. @ContextConfiguration(classes = {ControllerTestConfig.class},loader=AnnotationConfigContextLoader.class)
  3. @ActiveProfiles("test")
  4. public class AbstractControllerTest
  5. {
  7. }

ControllerTestConfig：

  1. @Configuration
  2. @Profile("test")
  3. public class ControllerTestConfig {
  5.     @Bean
  6. public PurchaseService purchaseService()
  7. {
  8.     return new PurchaseService();
  9. }
  11. @Bean
  12. public PurchaseDAO purchaseDAO()
  13. {
  14.     return new PurchaseDAO();
  15. }
  17. @Bean
  18. public EntityManagerFactory entityManager()
  19. {
  20.     return new LocalEntityManagerfactorybean().getObject();
  21. }
  22. }

通过Eclipse的JUnit运行我的测试时出现以下错误：

  1. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,017 TRACE [main] o.s.c.s.GenericApplicationContext [AbstractApplicationContext.java:322] Publishing event in org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@42b307f0: org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent[source=org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@42b307f0: startup date [Sun Jul 08 16:15:59 IST 2012]; root of context hierarchy]
  2. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,018 DEBUG [main] o.s.t.c.TestContext [TestContext.java:150] Storing ApplicationContext for test class [class com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest] in cache under key [[MergedContextConfiguration@2f8a49e0 testClass = PurchaseControllerTest,locations = '{}',classes = '{class com.app.spring.testing.ControllerTestConfig}',activeProfiles = '{test}',contextLoader = 'org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoader']].
  3. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,019 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:222] Getting BeanInfo for class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]
  4. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,022 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:238] Caching PropertyDescriptors for class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]
  5. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,022 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:250] Found bean property 'class' of type [java.lang.Class]
  6. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,023 TRACE [main] o.s.b.CachedIntrospectionResults [CachedIntrospectionResults.java:250] Found bean property 'mockMvc' of type [org.springframework.test.web.server.MockMvc]
  7. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,026 DEBUG [main] o.s.b.f.a.InjectionMetadata [InjectionMetadata.java:60] Found injected element on class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]: AutowiredFieldElement for private com.app.service.IPurchaseService com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseService
  8. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,026 DEBUG [main] o.s.b.f.a.InjectionMetadata [InjectionMetadata.java:60] Found injected element on class [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest]: AutowiredFieldElement for private com.app.controller.PurchaseController com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseController
  9. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,027 DEBUG [main] o.s.b.f.a.InjectionMetadata [InjectionMetadata.java:85] Processing injected method of bean 'com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest': AutowiredFieldElement for private com.app.service.IPurchaseService com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseService
  10. 2012-07-08 16:16:00,034 ERROR [main] o.s.t.c.TestContextManager [TestContextManager.java:324] Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@403ef810] to prepare test instance [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest@656546ef]
  11. org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest': Injection of autowired dependencies Failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.app.service.IPurchaseService com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest.purchaseService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [com.app.service.IPurchaseService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
  12.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  13.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:1106) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  14.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapablebeanfactory.java:374) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  15.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  16.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]

关于为什么我的PurchaseService没有被创建和注入的任何想法？

UPDATE

所以我将我的购买服务Bean添加到ControllerTestConfig …现在我收到有关我的purchaseDAO的错误.

如何将其添加到ControllerTestConfig中？是否必须嵌套在购买Bean中？

  1. 2012-07-08 18:30:23,029 ERROR [main] o.s.t.c.TestContextManager [TestContextManager.java:324] Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@56da6bf4] to prepare test instance [com.app.controller.PurchaseControllerTest@df4cbee]
  2. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
  3.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  4.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  5.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  6.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  7.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  8.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  9.     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  10.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  11.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  12.     at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  13.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  14.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  15.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  16.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  17.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  18.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  19.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  20.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  21.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  22.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) [.cp/:na]
  23.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) [.cp/:na]
  24.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) [.cp/:na]
  25.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) [.cp/:na]
  26.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) [.cp/:na]
  27.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) [.cp/:na]
  28. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseService': Injection of autowired dependencies Failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.app.persistence.dao.IPurchaseDAO com.app.service.impl.PurchaseService.purchaseDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseDAO': Injection of persistence dependencies Failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No unique bean of type [javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory] is defined: expected single bean but found 0
  29.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]

我将PurchaseDAO bean添加到ControllerTestConfig.

更新2

所以现在我将一个EntityManagerFactory Bean添加到我的ControllerTestConfig后得到一个空指针异常！

  1. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
  2.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  3.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  4.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  5.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321) ~[spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  6.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  7.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  8.     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  9.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  10.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  11.     at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  12.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  13.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  14.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  15.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  16.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  17.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  18.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  19.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236) [junit-4.8.1.jar:na]
  20.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174) [spring-test-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]
  21.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50) [.cp/:na]
  22.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) [.cp/:na]
  23.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467) [.cp/:na]
  24.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683) [.cp/:na]
  25.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390) [.cp/:na]
  26.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197) [.cp/:na]
  27. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseService': Injection of autowired dependencies Failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.app.persistence.dao.IPurchaseDAO com.app.service.impl.PurchaseService.purchaseDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'purchaseDAO': Injection of persistence dependencies Failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
  28.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287) ~[spring-beans-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:3.1.1.RELEASE]

有任何想法吗？
谢谢

最佳答案
这不起作用,因为spring-test-mvc不会从Junit的ContextConfiguration中选择上下文配置,而是可以执行此操作(假设您的Service Bean正在通过ControllerTestConfig配置在某处加载)：

  1. MockMvcBuilders.annotationConfigSetup(ControllerTestConfig.class).build().perform(get("/purchase").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
  2.                 .andExpect(status().isOk())
  3.                 .andExpect(content().type(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
junitjunit

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