springboot整合H2内存数据库实现单元测试与数据库无关性

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一、新建spring boot工程

新建工程的时候,需要加入JPA,H2依赖

二、工程结构

pom文件依赖如下:

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  3. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  4. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  5. <groupId>com.chhliu.springboot.h2</groupId>
  6. <artifactId>springboot-h2</artifactId>
  7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  8. <packaging>jar</packaging>
  9. <name>springboot-h2</name>
  10. <description>Demo project for Spring Boot H2</description>
  11. <parent>
  12. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  13. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  14. <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
  15. <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  16. </parent>
  17. <properties>
  18. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  19. <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
  20. <java.version>1.7</java.version>
  21. </properties>
  22. <dependencies>
  23. <dependency>
  24. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  25. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
  26. </dependency>
  27. <dependency>
  28. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  29. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  30. </dependency>
  31. <dependency>
  32. <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
  33. <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
  34. <scope>runtime</scope>
  35. </dependency>
  36. <dependency>
  37. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  38. <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
  39. <scope>test</scope>
  40. </dependency>
  41. </dependencies>
  42. <build>
  43. <plugins>
  44. <plugin>
  45. <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  46. <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  47. </plugin>
  48. </plugins>
  49. </build>
  50. </project>

三、编写实体类

  1. package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity;
  2. import java.math.BigDecimal;
  3. import javax.persistence.Column;
  4. import javax.persistence.Entity;
  5. import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
  6. import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
  7. import javax.persistence.Id;
  8. @Entity
  9. public class User {
  10. @Id
  11. @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
  12. private Long id;
  13. @Column
  14. private String username;
  15. @Column
  16. private String name;
  17. @Column
  18. private Short age;
  19. @Column
  20. private BigDecimal balance;
  21. ……省略getttersetter方法
  22. }

四、编写dao

  1. package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository;
  2. import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
  3. import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
  4. import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User;
  5. @Repository
  6. public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long> {
  7. }

五、编写controller

  1. package com.chhliu.springboot.h2.controller;
  2. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  3. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
  4. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
  5. import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
  6. import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User;
  7. import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository;
  8. @RestController
  9. public class UserController {
  10. @Autowired
  11. private UserRepository userRepository;
  12. @GetMapping("/user/{id}")// 注意,此处使用的是GetMapping注解,该注解的作用类似与@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET),@PostMapping注解同理
  13. public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
  14. return this.userRepository.findOne(id);
  15. }
  16. }

六、配置文件

  1. # 服务器端口号
  2. server.port=7900
  3. # 是否生成ddl语句
  4. spring.jpa.generate-ddl=false
  5. # 是否打印sql语句
  6. spring.jpa.show-sql=true
  7. # 自动生成ddl,由于指定了具体的ddl,此处设置为none
  8. spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none
  9. # 使用H2数据库
  10. spring.datasource.platform=h2
  11. # 指定生成数据库的schema文件位置
  12. spring.datasource.schema=classpath:schema.sql
  13. # 指定插入数据库语句的脚本位置
  14. spring.datasource.data=classpath:data.sql
  15. # 配置日志打印信息
  16. logging.level.root=INFO
  17. logging.level.org.hibernate=INFO
  18. logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder=TRACE
  19. logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor=TRACE
  20. logging.level.com.itmuch=DEBUG

七、启动程序

在浏览器中输入如下URL:http://localhost:7900/user/4 

可以看到测试结果

{"id":4,"username":"user4","name":"马六","age":20,"balance":100.00} 

说明,我们的整合是OK的

八、测试dao层

  1. package com.chhliu.springboot.h2;
  2. import org.junit.Assert;
  3. import org.junit.Test;
  4. import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
  5. import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  6. import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
  7. import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
  8. import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.entity.User;
  9. import com.chhliu.springboot.h2.repository.UserRepository;
  10. @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
  11. @SpringBootTest
  12. public class SpringbootH2ApplicationTests {
  13. @Autowired
  14. private UserRepository repository;
  15. @Test
  16. public void test(){
  17. User u = repository.findOne(1L);
  18. Assert.assertEquals("成功的测试用例","张三",u.getName());
  19. }
  20. }

发现测试是ok的!

九、总结

由于H2是关系内存数据库,当程序启动的时候,会在内存中创建表,并将数据存储在内存中,当重启程序后,会自动删除内存中的数据,从而可以很好的用来做dao层的单元测试和service层的单元测试,使整个程序不会依赖具体的数据库,同时也提高了单元测试的效率。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持编程小技巧。

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