ubuntu下.deb包安装

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How do I install a.debfile via the command line?

command-line software-installation
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2
Find better:steptoinstall.com/…– KarSho Dec 7 '15 at 12:48

11 Answers

@H_743_403@
Hi @user643722 I was going to recommend deleting the cached version of that package but here you have an answer for the issueaskubuntu.com/questions/41605/…– Luis Alvarado♦ Jan 20 '16 at 3:05
up vote 806 down vote accepted

Packages aremanuallyinstalled via thedpkgcommand (Debian Package Management System).dpkgis the backend to commands likeapt-getandaptitude,which in turn are the backend for GUI install apps like the Software Center and Synaptic.

Something along the lines of:

dpkg-->apt-get,aptitude--> Synaptic,Software Center

But of course the easiest ways to install a package would be,first,the GUI apps (Synaptic,Software Center,etc..),followed by the terminal commandsaptitudethat add a very nice user friendly approach to the backend dpkg,including but not limited to packaged dependencies,control over what is installed,needs update,not installed,broken packages,etc.. Lastly thedpkgcommand which is the base for all of them.

Since dpkg is the base,you can use it to install packaged directly from the command line.

Install a package

sudo dpkg -i DEB_PACKAGE

For example if the package file is calledaskubuntu_2.0.debthen you should dosudo dpkg -i askubuntu_2.0.deb. Ifdpkgreports an error due to dependency problems,you can runsudo apt-get install -fto download the missing dependencies and configure everything. If that reports an error,you'll have to sort out the dependencies yourself by following for exampleHow do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?.

Remove a package

sudo dpkg -r PACKAGE_NAME

For example if the package is calledaskubuntuthen you should dosudo dpkg -r askubuntu.

Reconfigure an existing package

sudo dpkg-reconfigure PACKAGE_NAME

This is useful when you need to reconfigure something related to said package. Some useful examples it thekeyboard-configurationwhen you want to enable theCtrl+Alt+Backspacein order to reset the X server,so you would the following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

Another great one is when you need to set the Timezone for a server or your local testing computer,so you use use thetzdatapackage:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
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@H_743_403@
2
Great info,had to find some way to install traceroute to help debug why my machine won't connect to the internet :)– Jason Nov 20 '13 at 15:01
13
Also helpful to note that once installed programs are usually found in /usr/bin,named after what was depackaged.– Chris Moschini Mar 31 '14 at 9:10
If I runsudo apt-get install texlive-latex-base,it has Failed for months with "Hash Sum mismatch". I can download the .deb file fromhttp://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/t/texlive-base‌​/texlive-latex-base-‌​doc_2015.20150625-1u‌​buntu1_all.deb. If I install it using dpkg,would it subsequently be recognised (and updated) by apt-get.– user643722 Jan 19 '16 at 17:05
@H_301_448@

Debian (.deb) packages are the packages that are used in Ubuntu. You can install any .deb package in your system. .deb files can generally be installed from your file manager (Nautilus) merely by clicking on them,since file associations with the default installer is already set in Ubuntu. These instructions are for those who wish to install packages from the command-line terminal (Terminal).

To install a downloaded Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb): Open Terminal and type

sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb

To remove a Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb):

sudo dpkg -r packagename

To Reconfigure/Repair an installed Debian (Ubuntu) package (.deb):

sudo dpkg-reconfigure packagename
answered Dec 5 '12 at 6:04
Atul Makwana
1,388 1 6 8

My favourite is GDebi,available from both terminal/shell or graphical desktop.

I usually associate.debfiles with GDebi as it is fast and efficient - especially compared to Ubuntu Software Center.One of the main feature of GDebi is it resolves dependencies and installs them.

For command-line runsudo gdebi <package.deb>to install a single deb file.

editedJun 3 '14 at 10:43
Pandya
11.6k 16 63 115
@H_743_403@
Can gdebi even download the dependencies or we have to download them manually?? @Pandya– Jasser Aug 29 '15 at 10:27
@H_743_403@
Probably better for people moving in from the non-Linux background.– Nisheet Dec 27 '16 at 11:26
it checks for dependencies before installing,thx!!– Aquarius Power Nov 13 '14 at 3:18

DPKG commands

There are two actions,they aredpkg-queryanddpkg-deb.

Install a package

# sudo dpkg -i {package_name}    
# sudo dpkg -i skype-ubuntu-precise_4.2.0.11-1_i386.deb

Remove a package

# sudo dpkg -r {package_name}
# sudo dpkg -r vlc

Remove a package and its configuration files

# sudo dpkg -P {package_name}
# sudo dpkg -P vlc

List all installed packages.

You can pipe the command toless(a pager) so you can more easily scroll the content:

# dpkg -l | less

Check if the package is installed or not

# dpkg -l {package_name}
# dpkg -l vlc

Check if the package is installed or not,and if it is,launch it:

# dpkg -l | vlc

See whether a package is installed or not

And this will show the location where the package will be installed. Here-S(capitalS) to search whether the package was installed or not.

# sudo dpkg -S {package_name}
# sudo dpkg -S skype

Install a *.deb package from a specified location

Here-Ris recursive. (Recursively handle all regular files matching the pattern*.debfound at specified directories and all of its subdirectories).

# sudo dpkg -R --install {package_location}
# sudo dpkg -R --install /home/sysadmin/soft

Show package details

Here-p(lowercasep) will show the package info:

# dpkg -p {package_name}
# dpkg -p apache2

View the content of a package

Use-c(lowercasec) to show the content:

# sudo dpkg -c {package_name}
# sudo dpkg -c skype-ubuntu-precise_4.2.0.11-1_i386.deb

Extract the*.debpackage file

Use-x(lowercasex) to extract:

# dpkg -x {package_name} {location_were_to_extract}
# dpkg -x libqt4-phonon_4.6.3-4+squeeze1_i386.deb /home/sysadmin/

Extract and display the filenames contained in a package

Use-X(uppercaseX) to display the content with extraction.

# dpkg -X {package_name} {location_were_to_extract}
# dpkg -X libqt4-phonon_4.6.3-4+squeeze1_i386.deb /home/sysadmin/

Display information about a package

Here-Istands for information:

# dpkg -I {package_name}
# dpkg -I libqt4-phonon_4.6.3-4+squeeze1_i386.deb

Reconfigure an already installed package

dpkg-reconfigurereconfigures packages after they already have been installed. Pass it the name(s) of a package or packages to reconfigure. It will ask configuration questions,much like when the package was first installed.

# dpkg-reconfigure postfix

This will reconfigurepostfixthe same way as when you installed it for the first time.

Need to know more aboutdpkgcommands? Have a look at the manual page:

# man dpkg
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3
"Check if the package is installed or not,launch it:# dpkg -l | vlc" - this would only pipe a list of packages to vlc,with unpredictable results if it were installed; and no better than just typingvlc– Xen2050 Feb 7 '15 at 6:15

A handy tip when installing a program like Libreoffice which has multiple .deb files in a folder is to use.

sudo dpkg -i *.deb
answered Dec 22 '13 at 21:46
tadcan
191 1 4

Whiledpkg -iindeed installs the package,it doesn't do any automatic dependency resolution,meanwhile there are two others alternatives,using gdebi,or the apt-get tool. To use the later just use:

sudo apt-get install ./package.deb

Note the./at the start,you need itif you are on the directory with the package,otherwise it just behave likedpkg -i.

editedAug 14 '16 at 4:22

Create your own script installerdebInstalleras the following:

#!/bin/bash
dpkg -i "$@"
apt-get --yes --fix-broken install

Make the script executable with

chmod +x debInstaller

Then move it to some dirs in your PATH or add the current directory to your PATH.

I'm going to move it to /usr/bin

sudo cp debInstaller /usr/bin

Now you can install any.debpackage using the command:

sudo debInstaller some-package.deb

The added value of this method is the solving the dependencies problem,since mostly you'll face some problems when you install a.debwithdpkg -idue to dependencies error,so you have to useapt-get install -fto solve it,this script will do the job for you,but here I usedapt-get --yes --fix-broken installto automatically solve these errors without user intervention.

editedDec 24 '16 at 8:28
79.8k 13 151 212
1 down vote

To install a Debian package (ends with '.deb') using cmd 'dpkg',you would enter:

cd /path/of/Debian/package
sudo dpkg -i package-name.deb

If you want to remove that same Debian package at some point,then:

cd /path/of/Debian/package
sudo dpkg -r package-name.deb

To get a list of current Debian packages installed,use:

dpkg -l
answered Aug 13 '16 at 7:19
David your friend
139 2 16
0 down vote

To Install:

sudo dpkg -i filename.deb
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo dpkg -i filename.deb

To Remove:

sudo dpkg -r PACKAGE-NAME

To Reconfigure:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure PACKAGE-NAME

Another approach is to installgdebi

editedNov 8 '16 at 8:48
down vote

Thegdebicommand-line solution

Here's the best way to install a .deb file on Ubuntu on the command-line:

sudo gdebi skype.deb

If you don't havegdebiinstalled already,install it usingsudo apt install gdebi-core.

Why gdebi?

gdebiwill look for all the dependencies of the.debfile,and will install them before attempting to install the.debfile. I find this much preferable thansudo dpkg -i skype.deb && sudo apt install -f. The latter is much too eager to remove dependencies in certain situations. For instance,when I tried to install Skype,it attempted to remove 96 (!) packages,including packages likecompizandunity!gdebigave a much clearer error message:

$ sudo gdebi skype.deb
Cannot install 'libqtgui:i386'

(Here isthe solution to that particular issue,by the way.)

answered Dec 27 '16 at 9:19
Flimm
15.2k 8 50 104
@H_743_403@
askubuntu.com/a/170557/158442does saygdebican be used from the command line– muru Dec 27 '16 at 11:59
@H_743_403@
@muru Yeah,but it's easy to miss because of the screenshot. Also,it doesn't explain the problems withdpkg -i skype.deb– Flimm Dec 27 '16 at 12:29
down vote

In 16.04 & higher:

Apt now installs & resolves dependencies from .deb files so quite simple,

sudo apt install /path/to/packagename
editedDec 27 '16 at 11:58
answered Dec 27 '16 at 11:22
doug
11.6k 1 27 35

protectedbyCommunity♦Feb 20 '14 at 20:57

Thank you for your interest in this question. Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed,posting an answer now requires 10reputationon this site (theassociation bonus does not count).@H_503_1502@ @H_503_1502@ Would you like to answer one of theseunanswered questionsinstead?

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