解决方案
我只是“伪造”搜索并检查数据是否在我的数组中：

/**
 * creates relevant product information for frontend output
 * 
 * @param array $allSelectedProductIds array with all id's of the selected products 
 * @param int $languageId language id of the shop you are in
 * 
 * @return array all product information we need for our frontend rendering
 */
public function getFrontendProductInformation($allSelectedProductIds,$languageId)
{
    // set default category Home
    $category = new Category((int)2);

    // create new product search proider
    $searchProvider = new CategoryProductSearchProvider(
        $this->context->getTranslator(),$category
    );

    // set actual context
    $context = new ProductSearchContext($this->context);

    // create new search query
    $query = new ProductSearchQuery();
    $query->setResultsPerPage(PHP_INT_MAX)->setPage(1);
    $query->setSortOrder(new SortOrder('product','position','asc'));

    $result = $searchProvider->runQuery(
        $context,$query
    );

    // Product handling - to get relevant data
    $assembler = new ProductAssembler($this->context);
    $presenterFactory = new ProductPresenterFactory($this->context);
    $presentationSettings = $presenterFactory->getPresentationSettings();
    $presenter = new ProductListingPresenter(
        new ImageRetriever(
            $this->context->link
        ),$this->context->link,new PriceFormatter(),new ProductColorsRetriever(),$this->context->getTranslator()
    );

    $products = array();
    foreach ($result->getProducts() as $rawProduct) {
        $productId = $rawProduct['id_product'];
        if(in_array($productId,$allSelectedProductIds)) {
            $product = $presenter->present(
                $presentationSettings,$assembler->assembleProduct($rawProduct),$this->context->language
            );
            array_push($products,$product);
        }
    }

    return $products;
}