我看到Java处理RAISERROR引发的SQL Server错误的方式有所不同，具体取决于实际错误是什么，

• 违反唯一约束：SQL异常由Java Catch块捕获和处理
• 除以零：未捕获SQL异常

演示：

1。存储过程：uspTestRE

ALTER PROCEDURE demo.uspTestRE (
  @inKey    VARCHAR(5),--Primary Key value in TestRE table
  @inDBZ    VARCHAR(1)     --Y/N flag to trigger Divide By Zero error
)
AS
BEGIN

  SET xact_ABORT,NOCOUNT ON;

  BEGIN TRY
    BEGIN TRANSactION

      --Insert record into TestRE table
      INSERT INTO TestRE (tREKey) VALUES (@inKey);

      --Trigger DBZ error
      IF @inDBZ = 'Y'
       BEGIN
         SELECT 1/0;
       END;

    --Transaction is in a state to be committed
    IF (xact_STATE())=1
      BEGIN
        COMMIT TRANSactION;
      END;
  END TRY

  BEGIN CATCH
    DeclARE
      @errorMessage  NVARCHAR(MAX) = ERROR_MESSAGE(),@errorState    INT           = ERROR_STATE(),@errorSeverity INT           = ERROR_SEVERITY();

    --Transaction is uncommitable so rollback
    IF (xact_STATE()) = -1
      BEGIN
        ROLLBACK TRANSactION;
      END;

    RAISERROR(@errorMessage,@errorSeverity,@errorState);

    RETURN 23;
  END CATCH

END;

从SQLCMD执行SP时，它会生成以下错误消息：

测试1：违反密钥

Msg 50000,Level 14,State 1,Server WW-HV5FQV2,Procedure demo.uspTestRE,Line 44
Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint 'PK__TestRE__0FEE01A3EEF4E2AE'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'dbo.TestRE'. The duplicate key value is (UKV).

测试2：被零除

Msg 50000,Level 16,Line 42
Divide by zero error encountered.

即两者的预期行为。

但是，我的Java程序却没有相同的行为。

2。 Java程序：uspTestRE.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.CallableStatement;

public class uspTestRE {

    // Connect to DEMO_INST database as svcDemoInst Login
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String connectionUrl =
                "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;"
                + "database=DEMO;"
                + "user=svcDemoLogin;"
                + "password=Demo;"
                + "trustServerCertificate=true;"
                + "loginTimeout=30;";

        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        CallableStatement cstmt = null;

        try {cstmt = DriverManager.getconnection(connectionUrl).prepareCall("{? = call demo.uspTestRE(?,?)}");
             int i = 0;
             cstmt.registerOutParameter(++i,java.sql.Types.INTEGER);

             cstmt.setString(++i,args[0]);
             cstmt.setString(++i,args[1]);
             cstmt.execute();

             int returnCode = cstmt.getInt(1);
             System.out.println("Success: Stored Procedure Return Status: " + returnCode);
        }
        catch (SQLException e) {
              System.out.println("Error Code: " + e.getErrorCode() +",Error Message: "+e.getMessage());
              // e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

当我在此处运行相同的测试用例时，得到以下信息：

测试1：违反关键（行为符合预期）

C:\>java uspTestRE UKV N
Error Code: 50000,Error Message: Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint 'PK__TestRE__0FEE01A3EEF4E2AE'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'dbo.TestRE'. The duplicate key value is (UKV).

测试2：被零除（不会被困）

C:\>java uspTestRE DBV Y
Success: Stored Procedure Return Status: 23

有人可以向我解释为什么除以零的错误-被SQL Server捕获并在SP Catch块中处理-未被Java代码捕获的原因吗？

我能看到的两个错误之间唯一的区别是被零除错误是严重性16。