下面来自Microsoft文档中的XCUItest example。

在管道中，在执行App Center测试任务之前，您将需要一个Xcode任务步骤，该步骤具有针对测试进行构建的操作，以构建测试所需的测试运行器应用程序。在该任务中，在“高级”部分的“参数”下，指定派生的数据路径，通常使用-derivedDataPath DerivedData。您还将需要一个.ipa文件用于您的应用程序。您可以通过选中“创建应用程序包”选项，或者在单独的Xcode构建步骤或Bash脚本步骤中，在同一Xcode构建测试用任务中构建.ipa文件。

根据上面的内容，您可以尝试设置packageApp=true并指定archivePath到创建归档文件的目录。请在此处查看有关xcode task的更多信息。

对于下面的示例，将创建.ipa文件并将其保存到$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/achive

- task: Xcode@5
  inputs:
    actions: 'build-for-testing'
    configuration: 'Debug'
    sdk: 'iphoneos'
    xcWorkspacePath: 'MyProject/MyProject.xcworkspace'
    scheme: 'MyProject'
    packageApp: true
    archivePath: "$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/achive"
    args: '-derivedDataPath $(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/DerivedData'

然后在App Center Test task中，您需要设置appFile = $(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/achive/{myapp}.ipa。 xcUITestBuildDirectory至XCUITest bundle location（DerivedData/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/）。例如：

- task: AppCenterTest@1
  inputs:
    appFile: '$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/achive/{myapp}.ipa'
    artifactsDirectory: '$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/AppCenterTest'
    frameworkOption: 'xcuitest'
    xcUITestBuildDirectory: '$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/DerivedData/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos'
    runTests: true
    username：
    password:
    credentialsOption: 'serviceEndpoint'
    serverEndpoint: 'MyCustomer AppCenter Deployment'
    appSlug: 'MyCustomer/MyProject-iOS'
    devices: 'iphoneDevices'
    localeOption: 'en_US'
    skipWaitingForResults: true

希望上面有帮助！

我们最终得到了以下有效的构建脚本。请注意，您不能任意组合步骤，因为xcode build-for-testing不允许提供签名证书，因此不能与packageApp: true

# Xcode
# Build,test,and archive an Xcode workspace on macOS.
# Add steps that install certificates,sign,and distribute an app,save build artifacts,and more:
# https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/devops/pipelines/languages/xcode

trigger:
- master

pool:
  vmImage: 'macos-latest'

steps:
########################################
# Install development certificates     #
########################################
- task: InstallAppleCertificate@2
  inputs:
    certSecureFile: 'MyCompany-distribution.p12'
    certPwd: $(P12password)
    keychain: 'temp'

- task: InstallAppleProvisioningProfile@1
  inputs:
    provisioningProfileLocation: 'sourceRepository'
    provProfileSourceRepository: 'Signing/Distribution_Profile.mobileprovision'

########################################
# Build App and test it locally        #
########################################
- task: Xcode@5
  inputs:
    actions: 'clean build test'
    configuration: 'Debug'
    sdk: 'iphoneos'
    xcWorkspacePath: 'TestApp-iOS/TestApp-iOS.xcodeproj'
    scheme: 'TestApp-iOS'
    destinationPlatformOption: 'iOS'
    destinationSimulators: 'iPhone 11'
    publishJUnitResults: true

###############################################
# Run automated UI Tests on physical devices  #
###############################################
- task: Xcode@5
  inputs:
    actions: 'build-for-testing'
    configuration: 'Debug'
    sdk: 'iphoneos'
    xcWorkspacePath: 'TestApp-iOS/TestApp-iOS.xcodeproj'
    scheme: 'TestApp-iOS'
    packageApp: false
    args: '-derivedDataPath $(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/DerivedData'

- task: Xcode@5
  inputs:
    actions: 'build'
    configuration: 'Release'
    sdk: 'iphoneos'
    xcWorkspacePath: 'TestApp-iOS/TestApp-iOS.xcodeproj'
    scheme: 'TestApp-iOS'
    packageApp: true
    exportPath: '$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/release'
    signingOption: 'manual'
    signingIdentity: '$(APPLE_CERTIFICATE_SIGNING_IDENTITY)'
    provisioningProfileUuid: '$(APPLE_PROV_PROFILE_UUID)'
    destinationPlatformOption: 'iOS'
    destinationSimulators: 'iPhone 11'

- task: AppCenterTest@1
  inputs:
    appFile: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/release/TestApp-iOS.ipa'
    artifactsDirectory: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)/AppCenterTest'
    frameworkOption: 'xcuitest'
    xcUITestBuildDirectory: '$(build.artifactStagingDirectory)/DerivedData/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos'
    credentialsOption: 'serviceEndpoint'
    serverEndpoint: 'MyCompany AppCenter Deployment'
    appSlug: 'MyCompany/Moments-iOS'
    devices: 'MyCompany/iphone11'
    localeOption: 'en_US'
    skipWaitingForResults: true
    showDebugOutput: true