关于将XML文件读入python词典，我遇到了各种各样的问题/答案，并且我有一个主要的工作示例。它使用cElementTree模块和几个自定义类XmlDictConfig遍历XML文件的各个级别并转换为python字典，而另一个类ReadTree包含用于从字典中返回特定值的方法。

这有一个例外：当我尝试读取具有计量单位（UOM）标记的字段时，词典仅包含UOM键/值对，而不包含感兴趣的值。我可以提取感兴趣值的唯一方法是使用cElementTree iter（）方法创建生成器，然后使用遍历生成器的next（）方法。不使用发电机怎么办？

我已经将类和main用于我的工作示例。主要在注释中包含XML文件以供参考。

import numpy as np
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ElementTree


class XmlDictConfig(dict):
    '''
        Example usage:

        >>> tree = ElementTree.parse('your_file.xml')
        >>> root = tree.getroot()
        >>> xmldict = XmlDictConfig(root)
    '''
    def __init__(self,parent_element):
        if parent_element.items():
            self.update(dict(parent_element.items()))
        for element in parent_element:
            if element:
                # treat like dict - we assume that if the first two tags
                # in a series are different,then they are all different.
                if len(element) == 1 or element[0].tag != element[1].tag:
                    aDict = XmlDictConfig(element)
                # treat like list - we assume that if the first two tags
                # in a series are the same,then the rest are the same.
                else:
                    # here,we put the list in dictionary; the key is the
                    # tag name the list elements all share in common,and
                    # the value is the list itself
                    aDict = {element[0].tag: XmlListConfig(element)}
                # if the tag has attributes,add those to the dict
                if element.items():
                    aDict.update(dict(element.items()))
                self.update({element.tag: aDict})
            # this assumes that if you've got an attribute in a tag,# you won't be having any text. This may or may not be a
            # good idea -- time will tell. It works for the way we are
            # currently doing XML configuration files...
            elif element.items():
                self.update({element.tag: dict(element.items())})
            # finally,if there are no child tags and no attributes,extract
            # the text
            else:
                self.update({element.tag: element.text})


class ReadTree:
    def __init__(self,fileName):
        self.tree           = ElementTree.parse(fileName)
        self.root           = self.tree.getroot()
        self.rootNamespace  = self.root.tag.strip('tree')

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self,exc_type,exc_value,traceback):
        pass

    ## \brief create dictionary from keys/values
    #
    # private method for zipping up a dictionary using lists of key/value pairs
    def _create_dictionary(self,keys,values):
        return dict(zip(keys,values))

    ## \brief get dictionary object
    #
    # use XmlDictConfig class to iterate through xml structure
    def _get_xmlDict(self):
        xmlDict = XmlDictConfig(self.root)
        return xmlDict

    ## \brief return branch level as a dictionary
    #
    # use private function _create_dictionary to convert the entries at branch
    #   level into a dictionary
    def _get_branch(self):
        xmlDict     = self._get_xmlDict()
        branch      = xmlDict[self.rootNamespace + 'branch']
        branchDict  = self._create_dictionary(branch.keys(),branch.values())
        return branchDict

    ## \brief return the value of the twig field
    #
    #
    def get_twig(self):
        twig = self._get_branch()[self.rootNamespace + 'twig']
        return twig

    ## \brief get_leaf method A
    #
    # use a generator to return the value of the leaf field
    def get_leaf_A(self):
        leafGenerator = self.root.iter(self.rootNamespace + 'leaf')
        leaf = float(next(leafGenerator).text)
        return leaf

    ## \brief get_leaf method B
    #
    # try to avoid using a generator to return the value of the leaf field
    #   this approach does not work
    def get_leaf_B(self):
        leaf = self._get_branch()[self.rootNamespace + 'leaf']
        return leaf


if __name__ == '__main__':

        Tree = ReadTree('./inFile.xml')
        '''
            <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
            <tree xmlns:xsi="http://www.interweb.net">
                <branch uid="something">
                    <twig>111.11</twig>
                    <leaf uom="m">999.99</leaf>
                </branch>
            </tree>
        '''
        twig = Tree.get_twig()
        print(twig)
        # This prints 111.11
        leaf_A = Tree.get_leaf_A()
        print(leaf_A)
        # This prints 999.99
        leaf_B = Tree.get_leaf_B()
        print(leaf_B)
        # This prints {'uom': 'm'}