您在这里：

>>> result = []
>>> for entry in mylist:
        if entry.endswith('[country]'):
            country= entry[:entry.rindex('[')]
            result.append([country])
        else:
            result[-1].append(entry)


>>> result
[['Pakistan','Karachi','lahore','islamabad'],['UAE','dubai','sharjah'],['India','goa','chennai']]

您可以执行以下操作。

results = []
tmp =[]
with open("data.txt","r") as file:
    for line in file:
        if "country" in line:
            if tmp:
                results.append(tmp)
             tmp = []
             line = line.replace("[country]","")
        tmp.append(line.strip())
     results.append(tmp)
print(results)   

mylist = list(open('data.txt','r'))

superlist = []
countrylist = []
for entry in mylist:
    if '[country]' in entry:
        superlist.append(countrylist)
        countrylist = [entry.replace('[country]','')]
    else:
        countrylist.append(entry)

if len(countrylist) > 0:
    superlist.append(countrylist)

temp = StringIO("""  
Pakistan[country]\n
Karachi\n
lahore\n
islamabad\n
UAE[country]\n
dubai\n
sharjah\n
India[country]\n
goa\n
chennai\n
""")


df = pd.read_csv(temp,sep='\s+',engine='python',header=None)

country_l = ' '.join(list(df[0]))
[i.replace('[country]','').split() for i in re.split('\s(?=\w*\[country\])',country_l)]

##output
[['Pakistan','chennai']]

my_list = list(open('data.txt','r'))    
j = -1
for country in my_list:
    if country.__contains__('[country]'):
        country = country[:country.find('[country]')]
        result.append([country])
        j += 1
    else:
        country = country[:country.find('\n')]
        result[j].append(country)

免责声明：此解决方案不适合胆小者，也不真正优先考虑可读性。

我很感兴趣，当前发布的答案都无法通过end解决此问题。这是通过列表理解而不使用.split("[country]")循环的解决方案：

for

然后，如果您能够更改数据文件的格式，从而将标记 # read file this way to preserve line structure: with open('data.txt','r') as f: data = f.read().strip().split("\n") # First: move the "[country]" tag from behind to in front of the name. # Also,I replace "[country]" with "*" for no other reason than that it's shorter data = ",".join(["*"+x.replace("[country]","") if x.endswith("[country]") else x for x in data]) # Then,split on "[country]",that is: ",*",# But keep in mind that the very first country will have prefix "*",not ",*" data = [x.replace("*","").split(",") for x in data.split(",*")] print(data) #[['Pakistan','chennai']] 设置在国家名称的前面而不是后面，那么它会更简单一些，您将摆脱一个简单的单线：

[country]