我有一个名为country.txt的文件

cat countries.txt
Germany:berlin
Japan:tokyo
usa:washington
canada:ottawa
uk:london

file='countries.txt'
readarray -t countries < "$file"

for i in "${!countries[@]}"
do
  echo "key  : $i"
  echo "value: ${filenames[$i]}"
done

key  : 0                   
value: Germany:berlin   
key  : 1                   
value: Japan:tokyo   
key  : 2                   
value: usa:washington    
key  : 3                   
value: canada:ottawa  
key  : 4                   
value: uk:london   

我的bash版本是4.1.2

我期望看到的输出是国家（国家）和价值（它们的首都）的关键

在下面的Inian帮助下并使用IFS =：我得到了一些奇怪的答案

declare -A countries
file='countries.txt'

while IFS=: read -r key value; do
    countries["$key"]="$value"
done < "$file"

for cap in "${!countries[@]}"; do
    echo "$cap" "${countries[$cap]}"
done

Japan:tokyo      
uk london        
usa:washington   
canada:ottawa    
Germany berlin   
canada ottawa    
Germany:berlin   
0 countries.txt  
uk:london        
usa washington   
Japan tokyo