您可以使用create-snapshot命令创建快照：

aws ec2 create-snapshot --volume-id abcd1234

创建快照时，不可能指定要删除快照的时间。

但是，您可以使用Amazon EBS Snapshot Lifecycle来配置何时应通过一系列规则删除快照。快照生命周期可以通过AWS CLI进行配置，尽管通过控制台更容易做到。

我有这个。

首先，使用这些策略创建一个IAM用户。

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# backup.py --volume-ids=vol-6b25bca2 --volume-ids=vol-6b25bca2 --expiry-days=1#
# 0 */3 * * * python3 /home/ubuntu/aws/snapshot_script.py --volume-ids=vol-010ce65755eb3f71e --expiry-days=1  
import argparse
import subprocess
import json
import logging
import time,datetime,dateutil.parser

profile = 'backup'       # Your AWS CLI profile
region = 'ap-southeast-1'  # replace this region to your EC2 instance region

def bash(command):
 process = subprocess.Popen(command,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
 return process.communicate()[0].decode('utf-8')

def getOurSnapshots():
 """
  Return a list of snapshot Dicts created with this plugin.
 """
 return json.loads(bash([
   "aws","ec2","describe-snapshots","--filters","Name=tag-key,Values=Group","Name=tag-value,Values=backup","--profile",profile,"--region",region,"--output=json"
  ]))['Snapshots']

def createSnapshots(volumeIds):
 """
  Return True if snapshots of the given volumes are created,else False

  Keyword arguments:
  volumeIds -- List of EBS volume IDs
 """
 # Create the snapshots
 snapshots = []
 for volumeId in volumeIds:
  snapshots.append(createSnapshotForVolume(volumeId))

 # Add Name and Group tags to the snapshot
 if len(snapshots):
  snapshotIds = []
  date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")

  for snapshot in snapshots:
   snapshotIds.append(snapshot['SnapshotId'])

  # create-tags returns no output now so just perform the command and
  # return True
  bash([
   "aws","create-tags","--resources",' '.join(snapshotIds),"--tags","Key=Name,Value='Snapshot "+date+"'","Key=Group,Value=backup","--output=json"
  ])

  return True

 return False

def createSnapshotForVolume(volumeId):
 """
  Return a Dict of a created snapshot for the given EBS volume

  Keyword arguments:
  volumeId -- An EBS volume ID
 """

 date = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
 message = "Creating snapshot for volume "+volumeId+"..."
 response = json.loads(bash([
  "aws","create-snapshot","--volume-id",volumeId,"--description","Volume Snapshot"+date,"--output=json"
 ]))
 message += response['SnapshotId']
 logging.info(message)

 return response

def deleteOldSnapshots(snapshots,max_age):
 """
  Delete all listed snapshots older than max_age
 """
 snapshotIds = []
 date = datetime.datetime.now()

 for snapshot in snapshots:
  snapshotDate = dateutil.parser.parse(snapshot['StartTime']).replace(tzinfo=None)
  dateDiff = date - snapshotDate

  if dateDiff.days >= max_age:
   message = "Deleting snapshot "+snapshot['SnapshotId']+" ("+str(dateDiff.days)+" days old)..."
   # delete-snapshot no longer returns any output
   bash([
    "aws","delete-snapshot","--snapshot-id",snapshot['SnapshotId'],"--output=json"
   ])

   message += "done"
   logging.info(message)

if __name__ == '__main__':
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='ADD YOUR DESCRIPTION HERE')
 parser.add_argument('-i','--volume-ids',help='EBS volume ID',required=True)
 parser.add_argument('-d','--delete-old',help='Delete old snapshots?',required=False,type=bool,default=True)
 parser.add_argument('-x','--expiry-days',help='Number of days to keep snapshots',type=int,default=7)
 args = parser.parse_args()

 logging.basicConfig(filename='backup.log',level=logging.DEBUG,format='%(asctime)s:%(message)s',datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S%p')

 # Get all active volumes
 volumeIds = args.volume_ids.split(',')
 # Create the snapshots
 if len(volumeIds):
  snapshots = createSnapshots(volumeIds)
  pass

 # Delete snapshots older than expiry-days
 if args.delete_old:
  deleteOldSnapshots(getOurSnapshots(),args.expiry_days)

然后通过 aws configure 命令配置awscli。

在此之后，为crontab创建.sh脚本。

0 */3 * * * python3 /home/ubuntu/aws/snapshot_script.py --volume-ids=vol-01fc7eeece0c20d97 --expiry-days=1

最后，根据您的卷名添加一个crontab，创建快照时间并​​删除快照时间。

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