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如何激活Maven配置文件使用环境变量？

• 问答

由于某些原因，我必须使用环境变量，而不是将系统属性传递给mvn命令。因此，我使用$ {env.PROFILE}作为属性名称，pom.xml中的配置文件设置如下所示：

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>dev</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
                <property>
                    <name>${env.PROFILE}</name>
                    <value>dev</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <profile.assembly.suffix></profile.assembly.suffix>
            </properties>
        </profile>
        <profile>
            <id>online</id>
            <activation>
                <property>
                    <name>${env.PROFILE}</name>
                    <value>online</value>
                </property>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <profile.assembly.suffix>-online</profile.assembly.suffix>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

然后，我尝试将个人资料激活为在线，但是失败了，命令行显示如下：

E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\LobbyServer>set PROFILE=online
E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\LobbyServer>echo %PROFILE%
online

E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\LobbyServer>mvn help:active-profiles
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[WARNING]
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for Fusion:LobbyServer:jar:1.0
[WARNING] 'dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for Fusion:Fusion-Core:jar should not point at files within the project directory,${project.basedir}/../libs/Fusion-Core-2.0.jar will be unresolvable by dependent projects @ line 98,column 25
[WARNING] 'dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for Fusion:common-plugin:jar should not point at files within the project directory,${project.basedir}/../libs/common-plugin-1.0.jar will be unresolvable by dependent projects @ line 106,column 25
[WARNING] 'dependencies.dependency.(groupId:artifactId:type:classifier)' must be unique: redis.clients:jedis:jar -> duplicate declaration of version (?) @ line 227,column 21
[WARNING] 'dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for Fusion:Fusion-Core:jar should not point at files within the project directory,${project.basedir}/libs/Fusion-Core-2.0.jar will be unresolvable by dependent projects @ Fusion:Fusion-Server:1.0,E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\pom.xml,line 64,column 25
[WARNING] 'dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for Fusion:common-plugin:jar should not point at files within the project directory,${project.basedir}/libs/common-plugin-${project.version}.jar will be unresolvable by dependent projects @ Fusion:Fusion-Server:1.0,line 72,column 25
[WARNING] 'dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency.(groupId:artifactId:type:classifier)' must be unique: org.springframework:spring-core:jar -> duplicate declaration of version ${spring.version} @ Fusion:Fusion-Server:1.0,line 167,column 21
[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-jar-plugin is missing. @ line 67,column 21
[WARNING] 'dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for Fusion:Fusion-Core:jar refers to a non-existing file E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\LobbyServer\libs\Fusion-Core-2.0.jar @ Fusion:Fusion-Server:1.0,column 25
[WARNING] 'dependencyManagement.dependencies.dependency.systemPath' for Fusion:common-plugin:jar refers to a non-existing file E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\LobbyServer\libs\common-plugin-1.0.jar @ Fusion:Fusion-Server:1.0,column 25
[WARNING]
[WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.
[WARNING]
[WARNING] For this reason,future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.
[WARNING]
[INFO]
[INFO] -------------------------< Fusion:LobbyServer >-------------------------
[INFO] Building LobbyServer 1.0
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-help-plugin:3.2.0:active-profiles (default-cli) @ LobbyServer ---
[INFO]
active Profiles for Project 'Fusion:LobbyServer:jar:1.0':

The following profiles are active:

 - dev (source: Fusion:LobbyServer:1.0)



[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.661 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-11-06T12:48:49+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

然后我打开Maven调试模式（-X），这些属性如下所示：

[DEBUG] properties used {spring-data-common.version=1.12.6.RELEASE,file.encoding.pkg=sun.io,env.PROMPT=$P$G,okhttp3.version=3.8.1,java.home=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre,env.CLION=D:\Software\CLion 2019.1.4\bin;,classworlds.conf=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\maven\bin\..\bin\m2.conf,profile.assembly.suffix=,java.endorsed.dirs=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\endorsed,env.username=zhengtongshan,env.PHPSTORM=D:\Software\JetBrains\PhpStorm 2019.2.2\bin;,servlet.version=3.1.0,sun.os.patch.level=,java.vendor.url=http://java.oracle.com/,env.COMPUTERNAME=DESKTOP-R7DT0R0,env.=C:=C:\Users\zhengtongshan,java.version=1.8.0_121,commons-beanutils.version=1.9.3,env.DRIVERDATA=C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\DriverData,fastjson.version=1.2.62,spring-data-redis.version=1.8.4.RELEASE,java.vendor.url.bug=http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/,env.USERPROFILE=C:\Users\zhengtongshan,apache.httpclient.version=4.5.3,jedis.version=2.9.0,user.name=zhengtongshan,sun.io.unicode.encoding=UnicodeLittle,sun.jnu.encoding=GBK,java.runtime.name=Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment,env.LOCALAPPDATA=C:\Users\zhengtongshan\AppData\Local,env.COMMONPROGRAMW6432=C:\Program Files\Common Files,java.specification.name=Java Platform API Specification,user.timezone=Asia/Shanghai,user.script=,path.separator=;,env.MAVEN_CMD_LINE_ARGS=-e  -X -f E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\../RoomServer/pom.xml clean assembly:assembly,env.PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER=Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 10,GenuineIntel,file.encoding=GBK,sun.java.command=org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher -e -X -f E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\../RoomServer/pom.xml clean assembly:assembly,env.NUMber_OF_PROCESSORS=12,env.APPDATA=C:\Users\zhengtongshan\AppData\Roaming,env.WINDIR=C:\Windows,java.io.tmpdir=C:\Users\ZHENGT~1\AppData\Local\Temp\,user.language=zh,line.separator=,env.COMMONPROGRAMFILES=C:\Program Files\Common Files,java.vm.info=mixed mode,sun.desktop=windows,java.vm.specification.name=Java Virtual Machine Specification,project.reporting.outputEncoding=UTF-8,env.PATHEXT=.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC,env.WDIR=E:\,env.ONEDRIVE=C:\Users\zhengtongshan\OneDrive,env.USERDOMAIN_RoamINGPROFILE=DESKTOP-R7DT0R0,commons-io.version=2.5,trove4j.version=3.0.3,env.LOGONSERVER=\\DESKTOP-R7DT0R0,env.PSMODULEPATH=C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules,java.awt.printerjob=sun.awt.windows.WPrinterJob,commons-codec.version=1.9,env.JAVACMD=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin\java.exe,env.JVMCONFIG=\.mvn\jvm.config,env.PUBLIC=C:\Users\Public,env.USERDOMAIN=DESKTOP-R7DT0R0,env.PROCESSOR_LEVEL=6,env.PROGRAMFILES(X86)=C:\Program Files (x86),env.=EXITCODE=00000000,env.FILE_ARG=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\../RoomServer/pom.xml,os.name=Windows 10,java.specification.vendor=Oracle Corporation,env.TMP=C:\Users\ZHENGT~1\AppData\Local\Temp,java.vm.name=Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM,env.OS=Windows_NT,java.library.path=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin;C:\programdata\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\;D:\Software\TortoiseSVN\bin;D:\Software\Git\cmd;E:\FusionDB\mongodb-3.2.17\bin;E:\FusionDB\Redis-x64-3.2.100;C:\Program Files (x86)\NVIDIA Corporation\PhysX\Common;D:\Software\Cygwin\bin;D:\Software\Calibre2\;D:\Software\apache-ant-1.8.2\bin\;D:\Software\apache-maven-3.6.2-bin\apache-maven-3.6.2\bin;D:\Software\Python3.6\Scripts\;D:\Software\Python3.6\;C:\Users\zhengtongshan\AppData\Local\microsoft\WindowsApps;;D:\Software\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 193.4386.10\bin;;D:\Software\JetBrains\JetBrains Rider 2019.1.2\bin;;D:\Software\CLion 2019.1.4\bin;;D:\Software\JetBrains\PhpStorm 2019.2.2\bin;;.,env.PROGRAMW6432=C:\Program Files,env.PATH=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin;C:\programdata\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Windows\System32\OpenSSH\;D:\Software\TortoiseSVN\bin;D:\Software\Git\cmd;E:\FusionDB\mongodb-3.2.17\bin;E:\FusionDB\Redis-x64-3.2.100;C:\Program Files (x86)\NVIDIA Corporation\PhysX\Common;D:\Software\Cygwin\bin;D:\Software\Calibre2\;D:\Software\apache-ant-1.8.2\bin\;D:\Software\apache-maven-3.6.2-bin\apache-maven-3.6.2\bin;D:\Software\Python3.6\Scripts\;D:\Software\Python3.6\;C:\Users\zhengtongshan\AppData\Local\microsoft\WindowsApps;;D:\Software\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 193.4386.10\bin;;D:\Software\JetBrains\JetBrains Rider 2019.1.2\bin;;D:\Software\CLion 2019.1.4\bin;;D:\Software\JetBrains\PhpStorm 2019.2.2\bin;,library.jansi.path=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\maven\bin\..\lib\jansi-native\windows64,java.class.version=52.0,maven.multiModuleProjectDirectory=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool,javaxValidation.version=1.1.0.Final,env.HOMEDRIVE=C:,env.SYSTEMROOT=C:\Windows,spring.version=4.3.9.RELEASE,env.COMSPEC=C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe,sun.boot.library.path=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\bin,project.build.sourceEncoding=UTF-8,env.SYSTEMDRIVE=C:,env.PROCESSOR_REVISION=9e0a,sun.management.compiler=HotSpot 64-Bit Tiered Compilers,java.awt.graphicsenv=sun.awt.Win32GraphicsEnvironment,user.variant=,mongo-java-driver.version=3.3.0,netty.version=4.1.6.Final,junit.version=RELEASE,env.PROGRAMFILES=C:\Program Files,java.vm.specification.version=1.8,env.POM_DIR=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\RoomServer,env.programdata=C:\programdata,slf4j.version=1.7.25,awt.toolkit=sun.awt.windows.WToolkit,env.MAVEN_HOME=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\maven\bin\..,sun.cpu.isalist=amd64,sun.stderr.encoding=ms936,env.MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool,java.ext.dirs=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\lib\ext,os.version=10.0,env.ERROR_CODE=0,user.home=C:\Users\zhengtongshan,env.PROFILE=online,java.vm.vendor=Oracle Corporation,env.JETBRAINS RIDER=D:\Software\JetBrains\JetBrains Rider 2019.1.2\bin;,env.JAVA_HOME=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121,user.dir=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool,maven.conf=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\maven\bin\../conf,env.COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)=C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files,log4j.version=2.8.2,sun.cpu.endian=little,spring-data-mongo.version=1.10.4.RELEASE,env.ALLUSERSPROFILE=C:\programdata,env.CLASSWORLDS_LAUNCHER=org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher,env.PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE=AMD64,java.vm.version=25.121-b13,java.class.path=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\maven\bin\..\boot\plexus-classworlds-2.5.2.jar,env.=::=::\,org.slf4j.simpleLogger.defaultLogLevel=debug,env.HOMEPATH=\Users\zhengtongshan,env.EXEC_DIR=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool,os.arch=amd64,maven.build.version=Apache Maven 3.5.0 (ff8f5e7444045639af65f6095c62210b5713f426; 2017-04-04T03:39:06+08:00),env.SESSIONNAME=Console,guava.version=19.0,sun.java.launcher=SUN_STANDARD,java.vm.specification.vendor=Oracle Corporation,file.separator=\,gson.version=2.7,java.runtime.version=1.8.0_121-b13,sun.boot.class.path=D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\sunrsasign.jar;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\Software\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\classes,env.CMAKE_C_COMPILER=D:/Software/Cygwin/bin/gcc.exe,jackson.version=2.8.9,maven.version=3.5.0,env.TEMP=C:\Users\ZHENGT~1\AppData\Local\Temp,user.country=CN,maven.home=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\maven\bin\..,maven.compiler.target=1.8,env.=E:=E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool,commons-lang3.version=3.6,env.INTELLIJ IDEA=D:\Software\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 193.4386.10\bin;,commons-pool2.version=2.4.2,java.vendor=Oracle Corporation,env.CLASSWORLDS_JAR="E:\Tetris\src\1_Branches\rtm_tetris_zhugan\Server\BuildTool\maven\bin\..\boot\plexus-classworlds-2.5.2.jar",protobuf.version=3.2.0,maven.compiler.source=1.8,java.specification.version=1.8,sun.arch.data.model=64,argLine=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8}

我们可以在上面的属性列表中找到这些属性：

env.PROFILE=online,

似乎已在环境中设置了“ PROFILE”变量。但是，“在线”配置文件未激活。有什么问题？谢谢。

q7236181 回答：如何激活Maven配置文件使用环境变量？

您非常亲密。引用环境变量时，不应使用${...}，而应使用env.VARIABLE。

一个稍作调整的示例来说明我的意思：

SET PROFILE=online

POM ：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>profiles</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <name>profiles</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>prof-1</id>
      <activation>
         <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
         <property>
           <name>env.PROFILE</name>
           <value>dev</value>
         </property>
      </activation>
      <properties>
         <profile.assembly.suffix>-dev</profile.assembly.suffix>
      </properties>            
    </profile>
    <profile>
      <id>prof-2</id>
      <activation>
         <property>
            <name>env.PROFILE</name>
            <value>online</value>
         </property>
      </activation>
      <properties>
         <profile.assembly.suffix>-online</profile.assembly.suffix>
      </properties>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.8</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>print-profile</id>
            <phase>validate</phase>
            <configuration>
              <target>
                <echo message="profile assembly: ${profile.assembly.suffix}"/>
              </target>
            </configuration>
            <goals>
              <goal>run</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>  
</project>

输出：

mvn validate
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------< org.example:profiles >------------------------
[INFO] Building profiles 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-antrun-plugin:1.8:run (print-profile) @ profiles ---
[INFO] Executing tasks

main:
     [echo] profile assembly: -online
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.624 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-11-06T10:10:18+01:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
,

将<name>${env.PROFILE}</name>替换为<name>env.PROFILE</name>并尝试运行mvn help:active-profile，您应该获得在线配置文件。

C:\Sachin\data\development\app_code\spring-security-demo>mvn help:active-profiles
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building spring-security-demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-help-plugin:3.1.1:active-profiles (default-cli) @ spring-security-demo ---
[INFO]
Active Profiles for Project 'com.security.example:spring-security-demo:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT':

The following profiles are active:

 - online (source: com.security.example:spring-security-demo:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT)

下面是更新的个人资料标签

<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>dev</id>
        <activation>
            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            <property>
                <name>env.PROFILE</name>
                <value>dev</value>
            </property>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <profile.assembly.suffix></profile.assembly.suffix>
        </properties>
    </profile>
    <profile>
        <id>online</id>
        <activation>
            <property>
                <name>env.PROFILE</name>
                <value>online</value>
            </property>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <profile.assembly.suffix>-online</profile.assembly.suffix>
        </properties>
    </profile>
</profiles>

您还可以使用mvn help:all-profiles列出所有处于活动状态的配置文件。对于前。对于您的示例，如果我们将PROFILE值设置为在线运行mvn help:all-profiles，则应显示如下

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building spring-security-demo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-help-plugin:3.1.1:all-profiles (default-cli) @ spring-security-demo ---
[INFO] Listing Profiles for Project: com.security.example:spring-security-demo:jar:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
  Profile Id: online (Active: true,Source: pom)
  Profile Id: dev (Active: false,Source: pom)

我在Windows 10操作系统中使用Maven 3.2.5对其进行了测试。

mavenmaven-profiles
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