我的Vulkan应用程序中出现内存问题。加载10mb的PNG图片需要使用近500mb的内存。
TextureObject* createTextureImage(const char* File) {
auto Tex = Textures.emplace_back(new TextureObject(_Driver));
//decode
unsigned error = lodepng::decode(Tex->Pixels,Tex->Width,Tex->Height,File);
//if there's an error,display it
if (error) printf("PNG Decoder error: (%i) %s",error,lodepng_error_text(error));
Tex->Empty = false;
VkDeviceSize imageSize = Tex->Width * Tex->Height * 4;
//
// Image Staging Buffer
VkBufferCreateInfo stagingBufferInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO };
stagingBufferInfo.size = imageSize;
stagingBufferInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_ONLY;
allocInfo.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_MAPPED_BIT;
VkBuffer stagingImageBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
VmaAllocation stagingImageBufferAlloc = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
vmaCreateBuffer(_Driver->allocator,&stagingBufferInfo,&allocInfo,&stagingImageBuffer,&stagingImageBufferAlloc,nullptr);
memcpy(stagingImageBufferAlloc->GetMappedData(),Tex->Pixels.data(),static_cast<size_t>(imageSize));
Tex->Pixels.clear();
VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO };
imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
imageInfo.extent.width = static_cast<uint32_t>(Tex->Width);
imageInfo.extent.height = static_cast<uint32_t>(Tex->Height);
imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
imageInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB;
imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
imageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
allocInfo.usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY;
VmaAllocationInfo imageBufferAllocInfo = {};
vmaCreateImage(_Driver->allocator,&imageInfo,&Tex->Image,&Tex->Allocation,nullptr);
//
// CPU->GPU Copy
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = _Driver->_SceneGraph->beginSingleTimeCommands();
VkImageMemoryBarrier imgMemBarrier = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER };
imgMemBarrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
imgMemBarrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
imgMemBarrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
imgMemBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
imgMemBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
imgMemBarrier.image = Tex->Image;
imgMemBarrier.srcaccessMask = 0;
imgMemBarrier.dstaccessMask = VK_accESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
vkCmdpipelineBarrier(
commandBuffer,VK_PIpelINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,VK_PIpelINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,nullptr,1,&imgMemBarrier);
VkBufferImageCopy region = {};
region.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
region.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
region.imageExtent.width = static_cast<uint32_t>(Tex->Width);
region.imageExtent.height = static_cast<uint32_t>(Tex->Height);
region.imageExtent.depth = 1;
vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer,stagingImageBuffer,Tex->Image,VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,®ion);
imgMemBarrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
imgMemBarrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
imgMemBarrier.image = Tex->Image;
imgMemBarrier.srcaccessMask = VK_accESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
imgMemBarrier.dstaccessMask = VK_accESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;
vkCmdpipelineBarrier(
commandBuffer,VK_PIpelINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,&imgMemBarrier);
_Driver->_SceneGraph->endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
vmaDestroyBuffer(_Driver->allocator,stagingImageBufferAlloc);
VkImageViewCreateInfo textureImageViewInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO };
textureImageViewInfo.image = Tex->Image;
textureImageViewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
textureImageViewInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB;
textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
textureImageViewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
vkCreateImageView(_Driver->device,&textureImageViewInfo,&Tex->ImageView);
VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo = { VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO };
samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_TRUE;
samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = 16;
samplerInfo.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK;
samplerInfo.unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE;
samplerInfo.compareEnable = VK_FALSE;
samplerInfo.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
samplerInfo.mipLodBias = 0.0f;
samplerInfo.minLod = 0.0f;
samplerInfo.maxLod = 0.0f;
if (vkCreateSampler(_Driver->device,&samplerInfo,&Tex->Sampler) != VK_SUCCESS) {
#ifdef _DEBUG
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create texture sampler!");
#endif
}
return Tex;
}
我已将分配范围缩小到此函数中发生的范围。只需将要加载的图像从10mb png切换到1kb png，就可以大大减少此函数调用期间的内存消耗。
我在这里做错什么了吗，导致分配了大量的内存而不释放它们？
在每一行上放置断点表明在调用以下代码后立即发生了巨大的分配
unsigned error = lodepng::decode(Tex->Pixels,File);
加载10mb png文件如何使用500mb以上的加载空间？
lodepng::decode填充Tex中的以下3个变量
unsigned int Width = 0;
unsigned int Height = 0;
std::vector<unsigned char> Pixels = {};
即使1kb png占用了大约5mb的空间，看起来也太高了。
我也尝试过使用stb_image加载png文件，并且得到了相同的结果。
EDIT2：10mb png为4096x4096，1kb png为16x16。
EDIT2：经过一些内存分析后，在检查了一个内存峰值后，分配了58,000个无效实例（占563,000,000字节），其中超过500,000个实例位于我称为.clear()的向量内。我不确定如何真正取消分配它，或者这是否是一个大问题？