用于将正确分类的测试图像保存在其标签的相应文件夹中的完整代码
（0到9），每个文件夹中提到100张图像：

import keras
from keras.datasets import mnist 
from keras.layers import Dense,Activation,Flatten,Conv2D,MaxPooling2D
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.utils import to_categorical
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

(train_X,train_Y),(test_X,test_Y) = mnist.load_data()

train_X = train_X.reshape(-1,28,1)
test_X = test_X.reshape(-1,1)

train_X = train_X.astype('float32')
train_X = train_X/255
test_X = test_X.astype('float32')
test_X = test_X / 255
#train_Y_one_hot = to_categorical(train_Y)
#test_Y_one_hot = to_categorical(test_Y)

model = Sequential()

model.add(Conv2D(64,(3,3),input_shape=(28,1)))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2,2)))

model.add(Conv2D(64,3)))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2,2)))

model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(64))

model.add(Dense(10))
model.add(Activation('softmax'))

model.compile(loss=keras.losses.sparse_categorical_crossentropy,optimizer=keras.optimizers.Adam(),metrics=['accuracy'])

#model.fit(train_X,train_Y_one_hot,batch_size=64,epochs=1)
model.fit(train_X,train_Y,epochs=1)

#test_loss,test_acc = model.evaluate(test_X,test_Y_one_hot)
test_loss,test_Y)
print('Test loss',test_loss)
print('Test accuracy',test_acc)

predictions = model.predict(test_X)

#****Actual Code which you need is mentioned below

import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os

def save_fig(fig_id,Label):
    path = os.path.join('MNIST_Images',Label,fig_id + "." + "png")    
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.savefig(path,format="png",dpi=300)
    plt.close()

%matplotlib agg 
%matplotlib agg #These 2 lines are required to prohibit Graph being displayed in Jupyter Notebook. You can comment these if you are using other IDE

No_Of_Rows = predictions.shape[0]

Count_Dict = {}
for i in range(10):
    key = 'Count_' + str(i)
    Count_Dict[key] = 0

for Each_Row in range(No_Of_Rows):
    if np.argmax(predictions[Each_Row]) == test_Y[Each_Row]:
        Label = str(test_Y[Each_Row])
        Count_Dict['Count_' + Label] = Count_Dict['Count_' + Label] + 1
        Count_Of_Label = Count_Dict['Count_' + Label]
        if Count_Of_Label <= 100:
            plt.imshow(test_X[Each_Row].reshape(28,28),cmap = 'Greys_r')
            plt.show()
            save_fig(str(Count_Of_Label),Label)

我已经注释了以下不需要的代码行，因为标签已经是数字格式。

train_Y_one_hot = to_categorical(train_Y)
test_Y_one_hot = to_categorical(test_Y)

此外，由于我们不对变量进行编码，因此我在categorical_crossentropy中将sparse_categorical_crossentropy替换为model.compile。